Mitochondrial transplantation: applications for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Mitochondrial transplantation refers to transplantation of respiratory competent mitochondria from healthy tissue into tissues injured by ischemia and reperfusion. This technique has been utilized for recovery of myocardial dysfunction in pediatric patients. The preclinical experience and initial patient experience with this technique are reviewed in this article. Initial experience is with pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The initial pediatric experience suggests low side effect profile with favorable efficacy in a small group of patients.