Gimena Hernandez1,2,3, Olatz Garin4,5,6, Yolanda Pardo1,2,3, Gemma Vilagut1,3, Àngels Pont1,3, Mónica Suárez7, Montse Neira7, Luís Rajmil1, Inigo Gorostiza8,9, Yolanda Ramallo-Fariña9,10, Juan Cabases11, Jordi Alonso1,3,12, Montse Ferrer13,14,15. 1. Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 4. Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. ogarin@imim.es. 5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. ogarin@imim.es. 6. Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. ogarin@imim.es. 7. Subdirección General de Información Sanitaria e Innovación, Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, Madrid, Spain. 8. Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Basurto - Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain. 9. Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain. 10. Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain. 11. Departamento de Economía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 12. Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 13. Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. mferrer@imim.es. 14. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mferrer@imim.es. 15. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. mferrer@imim.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The EuroQol 5 dimensions 5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) is the new version of EQ-5D, developed to improve its discriminatory capacity. This study aims to evaluate the construct validity of the Spanish version and provide index and dimension population-based reference norms for the new EQ-5D-5L. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2011/2012 Spanish National Health Survey, with a representative sample (n = 20,587) of non-institutionalized Spanish adults (≥ 18 years). The EQ-5D-5L index was calculated by using the Spanish value set. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing known groups with estimators obtained through regression models, adjusted by age and gender. Sampling weights were applied to restore the representativeness of the sample and to calculate the norms stratified by gender and age groups. We calculated the percentages and standard errors of dimensions, and the deciles, percentiles 5 and 95, means, and 95% confidence intervals of the health index. RESULTS: All the hypotheses established a priori for known groups were confirmed (P < 0.001). The EQ-5D-5L index indicated worse health in groups with lower education level (from 0.94 to 0.87), higher number of chronic conditions (0.96-0.79), probable psychiatric disorder (0.94 vs 0.80), strong limitations (0.96-0.46), higher number of days of restriction (0.93-0.64) or confinement to bed (0.92-0.49), and hospitalized in the previous 12 months (0.92 vs 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The EQ-5D-5L is a valid instrument to measure perceived health in the Spanish-speaking population. The representative population-based norms provided here will help improve the interpretation of results obtained with the new EQ-5D-5L.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The EuroQol 5 dimensions 5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) is the new version of EQ-5D, developed to improve its discriminatory capacity. This study aims to evaluate the construct validity of the Spanish version and provide index and dimension population-based reference norms for the new EQ-5D-5L. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2011/2012 Spanish National Health Survey, with a representative sample (n = 20,587) of non-institutionalized Spanish adults (≥ 18 years). The EQ-5D-5L index was calculated by using the Spanish value set. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing known groups with estimators obtained through regression models, adjusted by age and gender. Sampling weights were applied to restore the representativeness of the sample and to calculate the norms stratified by gender and age groups. We calculated the percentages and standard errors of dimensions, and the deciles, percentiles 5 and 95, means, and 95% confidence intervals of the health index. RESULTS: All the hypotheses established a priori for known groups were confirmed (P < 0.001). The EQ-5D-5L index indicated worse health in groups with lower education level (from 0.94 to 0.87), higher number of chronic conditions (0.96-0.79), probable psychiatric disorder (0.94 vs 0.80), strong limitations (0.96-0.46), higher number of days of restriction (0.93-0.64) or confinement to bed (0.92-0.49), and hospitalized in the previous 12 months (0.92 vs 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The EQ-5D-5L is a valid instrument to measure perceived health in the Spanish-speaking population. The representative population-based norms provided here will help improve the interpretation of results obtained with the new EQ-5D-5L.
Entities:
Keywords:
EQ–5D–5L; EuroQol; Health status; Health-related quality of life; Questionnaires; Reference values; Utilities; Validity
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