BACKGROUND: Adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment may provide the metabolic fuel or signal transduction through media and other means to promote a variety of malignant proliferation and invasion, of tumor cells, but their role in lung cancer progression is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adipocytes on lung cancer cell biology. METHODS: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes. The cell morphology was observed by microscopy and Oil Red O staining. MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing and Transwell methods were used to detect lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. The content of triglyceride in cells was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The morphology of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells became more slender after co-culture with mature adipocytes, and the proliferation and cloning ability were significantly enhanced (P<0.05). In addition, mature adipocytes can also promote the migration ability (P<0.05), invasion ability (P<0.01) and accumulation of intracellular lipid (P<0.05) of A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that adipocytes in tumor microenvironment can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which may be related to lipid metabolism.
BACKGROUND: Adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment may provide the metabolic fuel or signal transduction through media and other means to promote a variety of malignant proliferation and invasion, of tumor cells, but their role in lung cancer progression is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adipocytes on lung cancer cell biology. METHODS: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes. The cell morphology was observed by microscopy and Oil Red O staining. MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing and Transwell methods were used to detect lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. The content of triglyceride in cells was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The morphology of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells became more slender after co-culture with mature adipocytes, and the proliferation and cloning ability were significantly enhanced (P<0.05). In addition, mature adipocytes can also promote the migration ability (P<0.05), invasion ability (P<0.01) and accumulation of intracellular lipid (P<0.05) of A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that adipocytes in tumor microenvironment can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which may be related to lipid metabolism.
Morphological changes of A549 cells in different groups observed by microscope following co-culture. A: A549 cells morphology after cultivation alone; B: A549 cells morphology after co-cultivation with pre-adipocytes; C: A549 cells morphology after co-cultivation with mature adipocytes (×100).
共培养后镜下观察各组A549细胞形态的改变。A: A549细胞单独培养后的细胞形态;B: A549细胞与前脂肪细胞共培养后的细胞形态;C: A549细胞与成熟脂肪细胞共培养后的细胞形态(×100)。Morphological changes of A549 cells in different groups observed by microscope following co-culture. A: A549 cells morphology after cultivation alone; B: A549 cells morphology after co-cultivation with pre-adipocytes; C: A549 cells morphology after co-cultivation with mature adipocytes (×100).
Mature adipocytespromote the growth of A549 cells. A: MTT assay shows that the proliferation of A549 cells in mature adipocytes group was significantly higher than that in blank control group and pre-adipocytes group, Y-axis represents the absorbance of the cells at wavelength of 490 nm and X-axis represents time period; B-C: Colony formation assay: Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the cloning ability of A549 cells, Y-axis represents the colony number and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs control.
成熟脂肪细胞对A549细胞生长的促进作用。A:MTT法检测结果显示成熟脂肪细胞组中的A549细胞增殖能力明显高于空白对照组与前脂肪细胞组,图表纵坐标表示细胞在波长为490 nm处的吸光度,横坐标表示时间;B-C:平板克隆形成实验:相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的克隆形成能力,图表纵坐标表示细胞克隆数,横坐标表示相应分组。*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs control。Mature adipocytespromote the growth of A549 cells. A: MTT assay shows that the proliferation of A549 cells in mature adipocytes group was significantly higher than that in blank control group and pre-adipocytes group, Y-axis represents the absorbance of the cells at wavelength of 490 nm and X-axis represents time period; B-C: Colony formation assay: Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the cloning ability of A549 cells, Y-axis represents the colony number and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs control.此外,平板克隆形成实验检测共培养两周后各组肺腺癌A549细胞的克隆形成能力,结果显示(图 3B、图 3C),前脂肪细胞共培养组与空白对照组的克隆形成数分别为(115.7±9.2)个、(108.3±10.0)个,此两组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);而与成熟脂肪细胞共培养后,A549细胞的克隆形成数为(164.3±17.6)个,明显高于空白对照组(P < 0.05)。
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞迁移。A:细胞划痕实验(×100):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的横向迁移能力(*P < 0.05 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞划痕愈合率,横坐标表示相应分组;B:Transwell迁移实验(×200):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的纵向迁移能力(**P < 0.01 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞的穿膜数,横坐标表示相应分组。
Mature adipocytes promote the migration of A549 cells. A: Wound-closure assay (×100): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the lateral migration of A549 cells (*P < 0.05 vs control), Y-axis represents the wound-healing rate of cells and X-axis represents the corresponding groups; B: Transwell migration assay (×200): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the longitudinal migration of A549 cells (*P < 0.01 vs control), Y-axis represents the number of migrated cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞迁移。A:细胞划痕实验(×100):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的横向迁移能力(*P < 0.05 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞划痕愈合率,横坐标表示相应分组;B:Transwell迁移实验(×200):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的纵向迁移能力(**P < 0.01 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞的穿膜数,横坐标表示相应分组。Mature adipocytes promote the migration of A549 cells. A: Wound-closure assay (×100): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the lateral migration of A549 cells (*P < 0.05 vs control), Y-axis represents the wound-healing rate of cells and X-axis represents the corresponding groups; B: Transwell migration assay (×200): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the longitudinal migration of A549 cells (*P < 0.01 vs control), Y-axis represents the number of migrated cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞侵袭。Transwell侵袭实验(×200):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的侵袭能力(**P < 0.01 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞的穿膜数,横坐标表示相应分组。
Mature adipocytes promote the invasion of A549 cells. Transwell invasion assay (×200): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the invasion of A549 cells (*P < 0.01 vs control), Y-axis represents the number of invaded cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞侵袭。Transwell侵袭实验(×200):相较于对照组,成熟脂肪细胞可明显促进A549细胞的侵袭能力(**P < 0.01 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞的穿膜数,横坐标表示相应分组。Mature adipocytes promote the invasion of A549 cells. Transwell invasion assay (×200): Compared to the control group, mature adipocytes can significantly promote the invasion of A549 cells (*P < 0.01 vs control), Y-axis represents the number of invaded cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞胞内脂质的累积。A:镜下观察共培养后各组A549细胞胞内脂滴的含量;B:成熟脂肪细胞组中的A549细胞的甘油三酯含量明显高于对照组(**P < 0.05 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞内的甘油三酯含量,横坐标表示相应分组。
Mature adipocytes can promote the accumulation of intracellular lipid in A549 cells. A: The lipid level of A549 cells in different groups observed by microscopefollowing co-culture; B: The TG content of A549 cells in mature adipocyte group was significantly higher than that in control group (**P < 0.05 vs control), Y-axis represents the TG content of cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
成熟脂肪细胞可促进A549细胞胞内脂质的累积。A:镜下观察共培养后各组A549细胞胞内脂滴的含量;B:成熟脂肪细胞组中的A549细胞的甘油三酯含量明显高于对照组(**P < 0.05 vs control),图表纵坐标表示细胞内的甘油三酯含量,横坐标表示相应分组。Mature adipocytes can promote the accumulation of intracellular lipid in A549 cells. A: The lipid level of A549 cells in different groups observed by microscopefollowing co-culture; B: The TG content of A549 cells in mature adipocyte group was significantly higher than that in control group (**P < 0.05 vs control), Y-axis represents the TG content of cells and X-axis represents thecorresponding groups.
Authors: Kristin M Nieman; Hilary A Kenny; Carla V Penicka; Andras Ladanyi; Rebecca Buell-Gutbrod; Marion R Zillhardt; Iris L Romero; Mark S Carey; Gordon B Mills; Gökhan S Hotamisligil; S Diane Yamada; Marcus E Peter; Katja Gwin; Ernst Lengyel Journal: Nat Med Date: 2011-10-30 Impact factor: 53.440