Genetic linkage between lipoprotein(a) phenotype and a DNA polymorphism in the plasminogen gene.

Coronary heart disease risk correlates directly with plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), a low-density lipoprotein-like particle distinguished by the presence of the glycoprotein apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), which is bound to apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) by disulfide bridges. Size isoforms of apo(a) are inherited as Mendelian codominant traits and are associated with variations in the plasma concentration of lipoprotein(a). Plasminogen and apo(a) show striking protein sequence homology, and their genes both map to chromosome 6q26-27. In a large family with early coronary heart disease and high plasma concentrations of Lp(a), we found tight linkage between apo(a) size isoforms and a DNA polymorphism in the plasminogen gene; plasma concentrations of Lp(a) also appeared to be related to genetic variation at the apo(a) locus. We found free recombination between the same phenotype and alleles of the apoB DNA polymorphism. This suggests that apo(a) size isoforms and plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations are each determined by genetic variation at the apo(a) locus.