Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Clinical Bovine Mastitis in Tunisia.

Bovine mastitis is a major disease in dairy cattle that causes high economic losses annually. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are among the major pathogens responsible for such infections. While data on bovine mastitis are numerous in Europe where the efficacy of farm management was monitored, those are scarce in African countries. In this study, we reported the occurrence of Escherichia coli (118/372, 31.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (77/372, 20.7%), two environmental pathogens known to cause bovine mastitis. Resistance phenotypes were frequently identified for tetracycline (E. coli, 46.6%/K. pneumoniae, 20.8%), sulfonamides-trimethoprim (17.8%/11.7%), gentamicin (19.5%/14.3%), and enrofloxacin (11.0%/6.5%). No carbapenem-resistant isolate was detected. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected on selective medium in three E. coli and six K. pneumoniae, all carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene. The K. pneumoniae belonged to two highly uncommon sequence types (ST471 and ST1083), while E. coli clustered in the ST167/617 clones, which have been widely reported in humans, animals, and the environment. These data point out the necessity to improve farm management in Tunisia to reduce the occurrence of coliform-induced mastitis and to avoid the dissemination in this sector of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which are of public health concern.