Samuel B Harvey1, Dilan A Sellahewa2, Min-Jung Wang3, Josie Milligan-Saville4, Bridget T Bryan4, Max Henderson5, Stephani L Hatch6, Arnstein Mykletun7. 1. Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: s.harvey@unsw.edu.au. 2. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 3. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 5. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Leeds and York Partnership, NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK. 6. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 7. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, Bergen, Norway; The Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway; Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-standing concerns exist about reverse causation and residual confounding in the prospective association between job strain and risk of future common mental disorders. We aimed to address these concerns through analysis of data collected in the UK National Child Development Study, a large British cohort study. METHODS: Data from the National Child Development Study (n=6870) were analysed by use of multivariate logistic regression to investigate the prospective association between job strain variables at age 45 years and risk of future common mental disorders at age 50 years, controlling for lifetime psychiatric history and a range of other possible confounding variables across the lifecourse. Population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate the public health effect of job strain on midlife mental health. FINDINGS: In the final model, adjusted for all measured confounders, high job demands (odds ratio 1·70, 95% CI 1·25-2·32; p=0·0008), low job control (1·89, 1·29-2·77; p=0·0010), and high job strain (2·22, 1·59-3·09; p<0·0001) remained significant independent predictors of future onset of common mental disorder. If causality is assumed, our findings suggest that 14% of new cases of common mental disorder could have been prevented through elimination of high job strain (population attributable fraction 0·14, 0·06-0·20). INTERPRETATION: High job strain appears to independently affect the risk of future common mental disorders in midlife. These findings suggest that modifiable work-related risk factors might be an important target in efforts to reduce the prevalence of common mental disorders. FUNDING: iCare Foundation and Mental Health Branch, NSW Health.
BACKGROUND: Long-standing concerns exist about reverse causation and residual confounding in the prospective association between job strain and risk of future common mental disorders. We aimed to address these concerns through analysis of data collected in the UK National Child Development Study, a large British cohort study. METHODS: Data from the National Child Development Study (n=6870) were analysed by use of multivariate logistic regression to investigate the prospective association between job strain variables at age 45 years and risk of future common mental disorders at age 50 years, controlling for lifetime psychiatric history and a range of other possible confounding variables across the lifecourse. Population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate the public health effect of job strain on midlife mental health. FINDINGS: In the final model, adjusted for all measured confounders, high job demands (odds ratio 1·70, 95% CI 1·25-2·32; p=0·0008), low job control (1·89, 1·29-2·77; p=0·0010), and high job strain (2·22, 1·59-3·09; p<0·0001) remained significant independent predictors of future onset of common mental disorder. If causality is assumed, our findings suggest that 14% of new cases of common mental disorder could have been prevented through elimination of high job strain (population attributable fraction 0·14, 0·06-0·20). INTERPRETATION: High job strain appears to independently affect the risk of future common mental disorders in midlife. These findings suggest that modifiable work-related risk factors might be an important target in efforts to reduce the prevalence of common mental disorders. FUNDING: iCare Foundation and Mental Health Branch, NSW Health.
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