Shirley Sze1, Pierpaolo Pellicori2, Syed Kazmi3, Alan Rigby3, John G F Cleland4, Kenneth Wong5, Andrew Lawrence Clark3. 1. Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Shirley.sze@nhs.net. 2. Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. 3. Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom. 4. Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. 5. Department of Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull York Medical School (at University of Hull), Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom; Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, United Kingdom.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and prognostic consequences of malnutrition in outpatients with heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND: Malnutrition may be common in HF and associated with adverse outcomes, but few data exist. METHODS: We applied the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) to consecutive patients referred with suspected HF to a clinic serving a local population (n = 550,000). RESULTS: Of 4,021 patients enrolled, HF was confirmed in 3,386 (61% men; median age: 75 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 67 to 81 years, median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]: 1,103 ng/l [IQR: 415 to 2,631 ng/l]). Left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 35% of patients. Using scores for GNRI ≤91, CONUT >4, and PNI ≤38, 6.7%, 10.0%, and 7.5% patients were moderately or severely malnourished, respectively; 57% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 score. Worse scores were most strongly related to older age, lower body mass index, worse symptoms and renal function, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and reduced mobility. During a median follow-up of 1,573 days (IQR: 702 to 2,799 days), 1,723 (51%) patients died. For patients who were moderately or severely malnourished, 1-year mortality was 28% for CONUT, 41% for GNRI, and 36% for PNI, compared with 9% for those with mild malnutrition or normal nutritional status. A model including only age, urea, and logNT-proBNP, predicted 1-year survival (C-statistic: 0.719) and was slightly improved by adding nutritional indices (up to 0.724; p < 0.001) but not body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition is common among outpatients with HF and is strongly related to increased mortality.
OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and prognostic consequences of malnutrition in outpatients with heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND:Malnutrition may be common in HF and associated with adverse outcomes, but few data exist. METHODS: We applied the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) to consecutive patients referred with suspected HF to a clinic serving a local population (n = 550,000). RESULTS: Of 4,021 patients enrolled, HF was confirmed in 3,386 (61% men; median age: 75 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 67 to 81 years, median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]: 1,103 ng/l [IQR: 415 to 2,631 ng/l]). Left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 35% of patients. Using scores for GNRI ≤91, CONUT >4, and PNI ≤38, 6.7%, 10.0%, and 7.5% patients were moderately or severely malnourished, respectively; 57% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 score. Worse scores were most strongly related to older age, lower body mass index, worse symptoms and renal function, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and reduced mobility. During a median follow-up of 1,573 days (IQR: 702 to 2,799 days), 1,723 (51%) patients died. For patients who were moderately or severely malnourished, 1-year mortality was 28% for CONUT, 41% for GNRI, and 36% for PNI, compared with 9% for those with mild malnutrition or normal nutritional status. A model including only age, urea, and logNT-proBNP, predicted 1-year survival (C-statistic: 0.719) and was slightly improved by adding nutritional indices (up to 0.724; p < 0.001) but not body mass index. CONCLUSIONS:Malnutrition is common among outpatients with HF and is strongly related to increased mortality.
Authors: Elissa Driggin; Laura P Cohen; Dympna Gallagher; Wahida Karmally; Thomas Maddox; Scott L Hummel; Salvatore Carbone; Mathew S Maurer Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2022-04-26 Impact factor: 27.203
Authors: Koen W Streng; Hans L Hillege; Jozine M Ter Maaten; Dirk J van Veldhuisen; Kenneth Dickstein; Leong L Ng; Nilesh J Samani; Marco Metra; Piotr Ponikowski; John G Cleland; Stefan D Anker; Simon P R Romaine; Kevin Damman; Peter van der Meer; Chim C Lang; Adriaan A Voors Journal: J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Date: 2022-04-14 Impact factor: 12.063