Jiun-Lu Lin1,2, Kuo-Tzu Sung1,3, Cheng-Huang Su1,3, Tzu-Hsun Chou, Chi-In Lo1,3, Jui-Peng Tsai1,3, Shun-Chuan Chang1, Yau-Huei Lai4, Kuang-Chun Hu5,6, Chia-Yuan Liu5,6, Chun-Ho Yun5,7, Chung-Lieh Hung8,3,9,10, Hung-I Yeh3, Carolyn S P Lam11,12. 1. Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (J.-L.L., K.-T.S., C.-H.S., C.-I.L., J.-P.T., S.-C.C., C.-L.H.). 2. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (J.-L.L.). 3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-T.S., C.-H.S., C.-I.L., J.-P.T., C.-L.H., H.-I.Y.). 4. MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan (Y.-H.L.). 5. Health Evaluation Center (K.-C.H., C.-Y.L.). 6. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-C.H., C.-Y.L.). 7. and Department of Radiology (C.-H.Y.). 8. Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (J.-L.L., K.-T.S., C.-H.S., C.-I.L., J.-P.T., S.-C.C., C.-L.H.). jotaro3791@gmail.com. 9. Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-L.H.). 10. and Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-L.H.). 11. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. National Heart Centre Singapore (C.S.P.L.). 12. Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus are associated with lower body mass indices and increased risk of cardiovascular events (including heart failure) at lower glucose thresholds in Chinese compared with Western cohorts. However, the extent of cardiac remodeling and regulation on cardiac mechanics in lean and nonlean dysglycemic Chinese adults is understudied. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 3950 asymptomatic Chinese (aged 49.7±10.7 years; 65% male; body mass index: 24.3±3.5 kg/m2) with comprehensive echocardiography including speckle tracking for left ventricular global longitudinal strain/torsion, with plasma sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) obtained. Participants were classified as (1) nondiabetic (fasting glucose <100 mg/mL; HbA1c <5.7%; n=1416), prediabetic (fasting glucose 100-126 mg/dL; HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%; n=2029), or diabetic (n=505) and (2) lean (body mass index <23 kg/m2; n=1445) or nonlean (n=2505). Higher sugar, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were independently associated with higher left ventricular mass, greater mass-to-volume ratio, more impaired diastolic indices, and worse global longitudinal strain even after adjusting for clinical covariates (adjusted coefficient value: 0.28/0.12 for global longitudinal strain per 1 U HbA1c/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increment; both P<0.001), with a consistent trend toward greater torsion (all trend P<0.001). The optimal cutoffs in identifying subclinical systolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain more impaired than -18%) for lean versus nonlean individuals were 97 versus 106 mg/dL for fasting sugar, 130 versus 135 mg/mL for postprandial sugar, 5.62% versus 6.28% for HbA1c, and 1.81 versus 2.40 for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the presence of preclinical cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction in prediabetic and diabetic Chinese adults, occurring at lower thresholds of glycemic indices than defined by international standards, particularly in lean individuals.
BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus are associated with lower body mass indices and increased risk of cardiovascular events (including heart failure) at lower glucose thresholds in Chinese compared with Western cohorts. However, the extent of cardiac remodeling and regulation on cardiac mechanics in lean and nonlean dysglycemic Chinese adults is understudied. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 3950 asymptomatic Chinese (aged 49.7±10.7 years; 65% male; body mass index: 24.3±3.5 kg/m2) with comprehensive echocardiography including speckle tracking for left ventricular global longitudinal strain/torsion, with plasma sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) obtained. Participants were classified as (1) nondiabetic (fasting glucose <100 mg/mL; HbA1c <5.7%; n=1416), prediabetic (fasting glucose 100-126 mg/dL; HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%; n=2029), or diabetic (n=505) and (2) lean (body mass index <23 kg/m2; n=1445) or nonlean (n=2505). Higher sugar, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were independently associated with higher left ventricular mass, greater mass-to-volume ratio, more impaired diastolic indices, and worse global longitudinal strain even after adjusting for clinical covariates (adjusted coefficient value: 0.28/0.12 for global longitudinal strain per 1 U HbA1c/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increment; both P<0.001), with a consistent trend toward greater torsion (all trend P<0.001). The optimal cutoffs in identifying subclinical systolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain more impaired than -18%) for lean versus nonlean individuals were 97 versus 106 mg/dL for fasting sugar, 130 versus 135 mg/mL for postprandial sugar, 5.62% versus 6.28% for HbA1c, and 1.81 versus 2.40 for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the presence of preclinical cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction in prediabetic and diabetic Chinese adults, occurring at lower thresholds of glycemic indices than defined by international standards, particularly in lean individuals.
Authors: Heng Zhang; Min Tao; Pinfang Kang; Jianlu Guo; Ling Xuan; Bi Tang; Qin Gao; Hongju Wang Journal: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Date: 2018-09-30