Ulrike Wehkamp1, Sophie Stern2, Sandra Krüger3, Michael Weichenthal2, Axel Hauschild2, Christoph Röcken3, Friederike Egberts2. 1. Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. uwehkamp@dermatology.uni-kiel.de. 2. Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 3. Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant neuroendocrine skin tumor with known viral association. The microenvironment and its interaction with the tumor via the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway are crucial for response to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatments. However, not all patients respond, which is suggestive of additional mechanisms for tumor growth and/or persistence. We previously detected tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) expression on MCC tumor cells and, therefore, gained interest in the expression of its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients from our department were studied for immunohistochemical NGF, PD-1, and PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological correlation. RESULTS: PD-L1 was expressed on the tumor cells in 42%. In 95%, PD-L1 expression was also found on CD68+ spindle cells at the tumor border, which co-expressed NGF in 71%. 66% contained PD-1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. PD-1, PD-L1, and NGF expression seems to correlate with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that PD-L1 and NGF are co-expressed on spindle cells in the microenvironment. The expression of NGF might be a link of the microenvironment to the TrkA-positive tumor cells. Whether this mechanism is critical for tumor growth and lack of response to anti-PD-1/L1 treatment has to be investigated in further studies.
PURPOSE:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant neuroendocrine skin tumor with known viral association. The microenvironment and its interaction with the tumor via the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway are crucial for response to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatments. However, not all patients respond, which is suggestive of additional mechanisms for tumor growth and/or persistence. We previously detected tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) expression on MCC tumor cells and, therefore, gained interest in the expression of its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients from our department were studied for immunohistochemical NGF, PD-1, and PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological correlation. RESULTS:PD-L1 was expressed on the tumor cells in 42%. In 95%, PD-L1 expression was also found on CD68+ spindle cells at the tumor border, which co-expressed NGF in 71%. 66% contained PD-1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. PD-1, PD-L1, and NGF expression seems to correlate with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that PD-L1 and NGF are co-expressed on spindle cells in the microenvironment. The expression of NGF might be a link of the microenvironment to the TrkA-positive tumor cells. Whether this mechanism is critical for tumor growth and lack of response to anti-PD-1/L1 treatment has to be investigated in further studies.
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