Sabrina Köchli1, Katharina Endes1, Denis Infanger1, Lukas Zahner1, Henner Hanssen2. 1. Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. 2. Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland henner.hanssen@unibas.ch.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Retinal vessel imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) are associated with retinal microvascular alterations. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze associations between obesity, BP, and physical activity with retinal vessel diameters in children. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a literature search through the databases of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: School- and population-based cross-sectional data. DATA EXTRACTION: General information, study design, participants, exposure, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1751 studies were found, and 30 full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility. Twenty-two articles (18 865 children and adolescents) were used for further assessment and reflection. Eleven articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. We found that a higher BMI is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar (pooled estimate effect size -0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.50 to -0.24]) and wider venular diameters (0.35 [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.63]). Systolic and diastolic BP are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing (systolic BP: -0.63 [95% CI: -0.92 to -0.34]; diastolic BP: -0.60 [95% CI -0.95 to -0.25]). Increased physical activity and fitness are associated with favorable retinal vessel diameters. LIMITATIONS: Long-term studies are needed to substantiate the prognostic relevance of retinal vessel diameters for cardiovascular risk in children. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that childhood obesity, BP, and physical inactivity are associated with retinal microvascular abnormalities. Retinal vessel diameters seem to be sensitive microvascular biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in children.
CONTEXT: Retinal vessel imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) are associated with retinal microvascular alterations. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze associations between obesity, BP, and physical activity with retinal vessel diameters in children. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a literature search through the databases of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: School- and population-based cross-sectional data. DATA EXTRACTION: General information, study design, participants, exposure, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1751 studies were found, and 30 full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility. Twenty-two articles (18 865 children and adolescents) were used for further assessment and reflection. Eleven articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. We found that a higher BMI is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar (pooled estimate effect size -0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.50 to -0.24]) and wider venular diameters (0.35 [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.63]). Systolic and diastolic BP are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing (systolic BP: -0.63 [95% CI: -0.92 to -0.34]; diastolic BP: -0.60 [95% CI -0.95 to -0.25]). Increased physical activity and fitness are associated with favorable retinal vessel diameters. LIMITATIONS: Long-term studies are needed to substantiate the prognostic relevance of retinal vessel diameters for cardiovascular risk in children. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that childhood obesity, BP, and physical inactivity are associated with retinal microvascular abnormalities. Retinal vessel diameters seem to be sensitive microvascular biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in children.
Authors: Mengjiao Liu; Kate Lycett; Tien Yin Wong; Jessica A Kerr; Mingguang He; Markus Juonala; Tim Olds; Terry Dwyer; David Burgner; Melissa Wake Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2020-05-18 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Alessandro Invernizzi; Alessandro Torre; Salvatore Parrulli; Federico Zicarelli; Marco Schiuma; Valeria Colombo; Andrea Giacomelli; Mario Cigada; Laura Milazzo; Annalisa Ridolfo; Ivano Faggion; Laura Cordier; Marta Oldani; Sara Marini; Paolo Villa; Giuliano Rizzardini; Massimo Galli; Spinello Antinori; Giovanni Staurenghi; Luca Meroni Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2020-09-20
Authors: Mengjiao Liu; Kate Lycett; Margarita Moreno-Betancur; Tien Yin Wong; Mingguang He; Richard Saffery; Markus Juonala; Jessica A Kerr; Melissa Wake; David P Burgner Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-03-19 Impact factor: 4.379