Mette Bratt1,2, Toril Skandsen3,2, Thomas Hummel4, Kent G Moen5,2, Anne Vik6,2, Ståle Nordgård1,2, Anne-S Helvik1,7. 1. a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway. 2. f Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH) , Trondheim , Norway. 3. b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway. 4. c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Smell & Taste Clinic, Dresden , Germany. 5. d Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway. 6. e Department of Neurosurgery , St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway. 7. g Department of Public Health and Nursing , NTNU, Faculty of MH , Trondheim , Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and factors associated with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia, in a follow-up of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: The setting was a cross-sectional study of patients that were consecutively included in the Trondheim TBI database, comprising injury-related variables. Eligible participants 18-65 years were contacted 9-104 months post trauma and asked olfactory-related questions. Those reporting possible posttraumatic change of olfaction were invited to further examination using the Sniffin' Sticks panel. RESULTS: Of 211 eligible participants, 182 (86.3%) took part in telephone interviews and 25(13.7%) were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. 60% of these, or 8.2% of all participants, had anosmia. In age-adjusted logistic regression analyses, fall (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.2), skull base fracture (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.1) and cortical contusion(s) (OR 6.0, 95% CI 2.1-17.3) were associated with olfactory dysfunction. In an analysis of anosmia, fall (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.6) and cortical contusion(s) (OR 19.7, 95% CI 2.5-156.0) were associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: Of the study participants 13.7% had olfactory dysfunction and 8.2% had anosmia. Higher age, trauma caused by fall and CT displaying skull base fracture and cortical contusion(s) were related to olfactory dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and factors associated with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia, in a follow-up of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: The setting was a cross-sectional study of patients that were consecutively included in the Trondheim TBI database, comprising injury-related variables. Eligible participants 18-65 years were contacted 9-104 months post trauma and asked olfactory-related questions. Those reporting possible posttraumatic change of olfaction were invited to further examination using the Sniffin' Sticks panel. RESULTS: Of 211 eligible participants, 182 (86.3%) took part in telephone interviews and 25(13.7%) were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. 60% of these, or 8.2% of all participants, had anosmia. In age-adjusted logistic regression analyses, fall (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.2), skull base fracture (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.1) and cortical contusion(s) (OR 6.0, 95% CI 2.1-17.3) were associated with olfactory dysfunction. In an analysis of anosmia, fall (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.6) and cortical contusion(s) (OR 19.7, 95% CI 2.5-156.0) were associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: Of the study participants 13.7% had olfactory dysfunction and 8.2% had anosmia. Higher age, trauma caused by fall and CT displaying skull base fracture and cortical contusion(s) were related to olfactory dysfunction.
Authors: Stephanie R Hunter; Mackenzie E Hannum; Robert Pellegrino; Maureen A O'Leary; Nancy E Rawson; Danielle R Reed; Pamela H Dalton; Valentina Parma Journal: medRxiv Date: 2022-03-23