Rana Alkattan1, Frank Lippert2, Qing Tang3, George J Eckert3, Masatoshi Ando4. 1. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. 4. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA. Electronic address: mando@iu.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the hardness and chemical composition of sound, demineralized and pH-cycled bovine enamel and determine their influence on demineralization and remineralization behavior. METHODS: Ninety-four, 5 × 5 × 2-mm bovine enamel specimens were demineralized using three different times [(24 h (n = 33), 48 h (n = 30), 96 h (n = 31)]. The specimens were then pH-cycled using either 367 ppm F sodium fluoride or deionized water. Knoop hardness (HK) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (measured elements: Ca, P, F, C, Mg, N) were performed at three stages (sound, after demineralization, after pH-cycling) and transverse microradiography was performed after demineralization and pH-cycling. Comparisons were determined by ANOVA. RESULTS: Results showed that HK, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly different between stages, demineralization times and treatments. The weight% of F at the surface was significantly affected by treatment, irrespective of demineralization time, while the Ca:P ratio of the enamel remained stable even after de- and remineralization protocols. The F in fluoride groups and the artificial saliva in non-fluoride groups were both able to induce enamel remineralization, indicating the protective effect of salivary pellicle against demineralization even in the absence of fluoride. CONCLUSIONS: Harder specimens and those with greater surface F weight% were less susceptible to demineralization and were more likely to remineralize. However, the amount of surface Ca and P did not influence de- or remineralization behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This in vitro study can help clinicians better understand the caries process and the impact of the physical and chemical characteristics of enamel on its behavior during de- and remineralization. The over-the-counter fluoride toothpaste containing 1100 ppm-F was used, and was able to produce a mineralized enamel surface layer.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the hardness and chemical composition of sound, demineralized and pH-cycled bovine enamel and determine their influence on demineralization and remineralization behavior. METHODS: Ninety-four, 5 × 5 × 2-mm bovine enamel specimens were demineralized using three different times [(24 h (n = 33), 48 h (n = 30), 96 h (n = 31)]. The specimens were then pH-cycled using either 367 ppm F sodium fluoride or deionized water. Knoop hardness (HK) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (measured elements: Ca, P, F, C, Mg, N) were performed at three stages (sound, after demineralization, after pH-cycling) and transverse microradiography was performed after demineralization and pH-cycling. Comparisons were determined by ANOVA. RESULTS: Results showed that HK, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly different between stages, demineralization times and treatments. The weight% of F at the surface was significantly affected by treatment, irrespective of demineralization time, while the Ca:P ratio of the enamel remained stable even after de- and remineralization protocols. The F in fluoride groups and the artificial saliva in non-fluoride groups were both able to induce enamel remineralization, indicating the protective effect of salivary pellicle against demineralization even in the absence of fluoride. CONCLUSIONS: Harder specimens and those with greater surface F weight% were less susceptible to demineralization and were more likely to remineralize. However, the amount of surface Ca and P did not influence de- or remineralization behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This in vitro study can help clinicians better understand the caries process and the impact of the physical and chemical characteristics of enamel on its behavior during de- and remineralization. The over-the-counter fluoride toothpaste containing 1100 ppm-F was used, and was able to produce a mineralized enamel surface layer.
Authors: Izabela Świetlicka; Ewa Tomaszewska; Siemowit Muszyński; Michał Świetlicki; Tomasz Skrzypek; Wojciech Grudziński; Wiesław I Gruszecki; Daniel Kamiński; Monika Hułas-Stasiak; Marta Arczewska Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2022-06-03 Impact factor: 3.748
Authors: Izabela Świetlicka; Damian Kuc; Michał Świetlicki; Marta Arczewska; Siemowit Muszyński; Ewa Tomaszewska; Adam Prószyński; Krzysztof Gołacki; Jerzy Błaszczak; Krystian Cieślak; Daniel Kamiński; Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak Journal: Biomolecules Date: 2020-05-14