Balaji Veeraraghavan1, Mark Ranjan Jesudason2, John Antony Jude Prakasah1, Shalini Anandan1, Rani Diana Sahni1, Agila Kumari Pragasam1, Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam1, Rajesh Joseph Selvakumar2, T N Dhole3, Camilla Rodrigues4, Indranil Roy5, Sangeetha Joshi6, Bhaskar Narayan Chaudhuri7, D S Chitnis8. 1. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Department of General Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. 3. Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. 4. Department of Microbiology, PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 5. Department of Microbiology, Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 6. Department of Microbiology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 7. Department of Microbiology, Fortis Hospital, Anandapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 8. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Choithram Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in the hospital and community has increased the concern to the health-care providers due to the limited treatment options. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frequently isolated bacterial pathogens causing severe infections is of great importance. The data generated will be useful for the clinicians to decide empiric therapy on the local epidemiological resistance profile of the antimicrobial agents. This study aims to monitor the distribution of bacterial pathogen and their susceptibility pattern to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes Gram-negative bacilli collected from intra-abdominal, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections during 2014-2016. Isolates were collected from seven hospitals across India. All the study isolates were characterised up to species level, and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for a wide range of antimicrobials included in the study panel. The test results were interpreted as per standard Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 2731 isolates of gram-negative bacteria were tested during study period. The most frequently isolated pathogens were 44% of Escherichia coli (n = 1205) followed by 25% of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 676) and 11% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 308). Among the antimicrobials tested, carbapenems were the most active, followed by amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates were ranged from 66%-77% in E. coli to 61%-72% in K. pneumoniae, respectively. Overall, colistin retains its activity in > 90% of the isolates tested and appear promising. CONCLUSION: Increasing rates of ESBL producers have been noted, which is alarming. Further, carbapenem resistance was also gradually increasing, which needs much attention. Overall, this study data show that carbapenems, amikacin and colistin continue to be the best agents available to treat drug-resistant infections. Thus continuous monitoring of susceptibility profile of the clinically important Gram-negative pathogens is of great importance to guide effective antimicrobial therapy.
BACKGROUND: The emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in the hospital and community has increased the concern to the health-care providers due to the limited treatment options. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frequently isolated bacterial pathogens causing severe infections is of great importance. The data generated will be useful for the clinicians to decide empiric therapy on the local epidemiological resistance profile of the antimicrobial agents. This study aims to monitor the distribution of bacterial pathogen and their susceptibility pattern to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes Gram-negative bacilli collected from intra-abdominal, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections during 2014-2016. Isolates were collected from seven hospitals across India. All the study isolates were characterised up to species level, and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for a wide range of antimicrobials included in the study panel. The test results were interpreted as per standard Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 2731 isolates of gram-negative bacteria were tested during study period. The most frequently isolated pathogens were 44% of Escherichia coli (n = 1205) followed by 25% of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 676) and 11% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 308). Among the antimicrobials tested, carbapenems were the most active, followed by amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates were ranged from 66%-77% in E. coli to 61%-72% in K. pneumoniae, respectively. Overall, colistin retains its activity in > 90% of the isolates tested and appear promising. CONCLUSION: Increasing rates of ESBL producers have been noted, which is alarming. Further, carbapenem resistance was also gradually increasing, which needs much attention. Overall, this study data show that carbapenems, amikacin and colistin continue to be the best agents available to treat drug-resistant infections. Thus continuous monitoring of susceptibility profile of the clinically important Gram-negative pathogens is of great importance to guide effective antimicrobial therapy.
Authors: Hanna Hakvoort; Evelyn Bovenkamp; Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance; Suzannah M Schmidt-Malan; Jay N Mandrekar; Audrey N Schuetz; Robin Patel Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2020-09-22 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Geetha Nagaraj; Varun Shamanna; Vandana Govindan; Steffimole Rose; D Sravani; K P Akshata; M R Shincy; V T Venkatesha; Monica Abrudan; Silvia Argimón; Mihir Kekre; Anthony Underwood; David M Aanensen; K L Ravikumar Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 9.079
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