Heidi Hakkarainen1, Hanna Huopio2, Henna Cederberg3, Raimo Voutilainen4, Seppo Heinonen5. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: heidi.hakkarainen@kuh.fi. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland. 3. Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Jorvi Hospital, P.O.B 800, 00029 Helsinki, Finland. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O.B 140, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, P.O.B 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
AIMS: Was to determine whether the birth weight of the infant predicts prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during long-term follow-up of women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: The women with or without GDM during their pregnancies in Kuopio University Hospital in 1989-2009 (n=876) were contacted and invited for an evaluation. They were stratified into two groups according to the newborn's birth weight: 10-90th percentile (appropriate-for-gestational-age; AGA) (n=662) and >90th percentile (large-for-gestational-age; LGA) (n=116). Glucose tolerance was investigated with an oral glucose tolerance test after a mean follow-up time of 7.3 (SD 5.1) years. RESULTS: The incidence of T2DM was 11.8% and 0% in the women with and without GDM, respectively, after an LGA delivery. The incidence of prediabetes increased with offspring birth weight categories in the women with and without GDM: from 46.3% and 26.2% (AGA) to 52.9% and 29.2% (LGA), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GDM women with LGA infants are at an increased risk for subsequent development of T2DM and therefore represent a target group for intervention to delay or prevent T2DM development. In contrast, an LGA delivery without GDM does not increase T2DM risk.
AIMS: Was to determine whether the birth weight of the infant predicts prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during long-term follow-up of women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: The women with or without GDM during their pregnancies in Kuopio University Hospital in 1989-2009 (n=876) were contacted and invited for an evaluation. They were stratified into two groups according to the newborn's birth weight: 10-90th percentile (appropriate-for-gestational-age; AGA) (n=662) and >90th percentile (large-for-gestational-age; LGA) (n=116). Glucose tolerance was investigated with an oral glucose tolerance test after a mean follow-up time of 7.3 (SD 5.1) years. RESULTS: The incidence of T2DM was 11.8% and 0% in the women with and without GDM, respectively, after an LGA delivery. The incidence of prediabetes increased with offspring birth weight categories in the women with and without GDM: from 46.3% and 26.2% (AGA) to 52.9% and 29.2% (LGA), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GDM women with LGA infants are at an increased risk for subsequent development of T2DM and therefore represent a target group for intervention to delay or prevent T2DM development. In contrast, an LGA delivery without GDM does not increase T2DM risk.