Feng Ye1,2,3, Yi Liu1,2,3, Shiying Li1, Jiande D Z Chen4,5. 1. Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. 2. The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. 3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, John's Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. jchen184@jhmi.edu. 5. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, John's Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. jchen184@jhmi.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To find out the best location for intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) to decrease hyperglycemia, and mechanisms involving intraluminal nutrients and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight rats had electrodes implanted at the duodenum and ileums for IES. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed with IES and sham-IES and with/without GLP-1 antagonist, exendin. To study the role of intraluminal nutrients, the experiment was repeated using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Glucagon was administrated in the OGTT/IPGTT to induce temporary hyperglycemia. RESULTS: (1) In the OGTT, IES at the duodenum reduced blood glucose from 30 to 120 min after oral glucose (P < 0.05, vs. sham-IES) and the hypoglycemic effect was more potent than IES at the ileum. (2) The hypoglycemic effect of IES was absent in IPGTT experiment, suggesting the important role of intraluminal nutrients. (3) An increase in GLP-1 was noted in the OGTT with IES at the duodenum in comparison with sham-IES. Moreover, the blocking effect of exendin suggested the role of GLP-1 in the hypoglycemic effect of IES. CONCLUSIONS: The best stimulation location for IES to decrease hyperglycemia is in the duodenum. The hypoglycemic effect of IES is attributed to the enhancement in nutrient-stimulated release of GLP-1.
PURPOSE: To find out the best location for intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) to decrease hyperglycemia, and mechanisms involving intraluminal nutrients and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight rats had electrodes implanted at the duodenum and ileums for IES. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed with IES and sham-IES and with/without GLP-1 antagonist, exendin. To study the role of intraluminal nutrients, the experiment was repeated using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Glucagon was administrated in the OGTT/IPGTT to induce temporary hyperglycemia. RESULTS: (1) In the OGTT, IES at the duodenum reduced blood glucose from 30 to 120 min after oral glucose (P < 0.05, vs. sham-IES) and the hypoglycemic effect was more potent than IES at the ileum. (2) The hypoglycemic effect of IES was absent in IPGTT experiment, suggesting the important role of intraluminal nutrients. (3) An increase in GLP-1 was noted in the OGTT with IES at the duodenum in comparison with sham-IES. Moreover, the blocking effect of exendin suggested the role of GLP-1 in the hypoglycemic effect of IES. CONCLUSIONS: The best stimulation location for IES to decrease hyperglycemia is in the duodenum. The hypoglycemic effect of IES is attributed to the enhancement in nutrient-stimulated release of GLP-1.
Authors: Claude Knauf; Patrice D Cani; Christophe Perrin; Miguel A Iglesias; Jean François Maury; Elodie Bernard; Fadilha Benhamed; Thierry Grémeaux; Daniel J Drucker; C Ronald Kahn; Jean Girard; Jean François Tanti; Nathalie M Delzenne; Catherine Postic; Rémy Burcelin Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2005-12 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Amir Qaseem; Michael J Barry; Linda L Humphrey; Mary Ann Forciea; Nick Fitterman; Carrie Horwitch; Devan Kansagara; Robert M McLean; Timothy J Wilt Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2017-01-03 Impact factor: 25.391