Jae-Jun Song1, Yoon Young Go1, Ji Yoen Mun1, Sehee Lee1, Gi Jung Im1, Yoo Yon Kim2, Jun Ho Lee3, Jiwon Chang4. 1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Department of Medical Genetics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea. 3. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: brune77@naver.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used electronic nicotine delivery systems and are a relatively new product designed for smoking cessation. The market scale of electronic cigarettes is growing rapidly, but the potential impact of e-cigarettes on public health has not yet been verified. In this study, we examined the effect of e-liquids on a human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) line. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main components of e-liquids are propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin and flavoring agents with or without nicotine. We analyzed 73 bottles of e-liquids from 12 different manufacturers, evaluated the trace elements in e-liquids, and identified the cytotoxicity of e-liquids on HMEECs in the presence or absence of nicotine. RESULTS: In the trace elements analysis, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and lead were detected in the e-liquids. E-liquids without nicotine decreased cell viability, and the average IC 50 value of total e-liquids (n = 73) was 2.48 ± 0.93%. Among the different flavors, menthol-flavored e-liquids significantly reduced cell viability, and their average IC 50 value (n = 28) was 1.85 ± 0.80%. The average IC 50 values were distinct among manufacturers and the proportion of the solvents. CONCLUSION: The present study provides evidence that e-cigarettes influence and reduce human middle ear cell viability even without the application of nicotine. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of e-liquids was affected by the flavoring agents.
OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used electronic nicotine delivery systems and are a relatively new product designed for smoking cessation. The market scale of electronic cigarettes is growing rapidly, but the potential impact of e-cigarettes on public health has not yet been verified. In this study, we examined the effect of e-liquids on a human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) line. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main components of e-liquids are propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin and flavoring agents with or without nicotine. We analyzed 73 bottles of e-liquids from 12 different manufacturers, evaluated the trace elements in e-liquids, and identified the cytotoxicity of e-liquids on HMEECs in the presence or absence of nicotine. RESULTS: In the trace elements analysis, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and lead were detected in the e-liquids. E-liquids without nicotine decreased cell viability, and the average IC 50 value of total e-liquids (n = 73) was 2.48 ± 0.93%. Among the different flavors, menthol-flavored e-liquids significantly reduced cell viability, and their average IC 50 value (n = 28) was 1.85 ± 0.80%. The average IC 50 values were distinct among manufacturers and the proportion of the solvents. CONCLUSION: The present study provides evidence that e-cigarettes influence and reduce human middle ear cell viability even without the application of nicotine. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of e-liquids was affected by the flavoring agents.
Authors: Marta Szukalska; Krzysztof Szyfter; Ewa Florek; Juan P Rodrigo; Alessandra Rinaldo; Antti A Mäkitie; Primož Strojan; Robert P Takes; Carlos Suárez; Nabil F Saba; Boudewijn J M Braakhuis; Alfio Ferlito Journal: Cancers (Basel) Date: 2020-11-05 Impact factor: 6.639
Authors: Andrea Mara; Ilaria Langasco; Sara Deidda; Marco Caredda; Paola Meloni; Mario Deroma; Maria I Pilo; Nadia Spano; Gavino Sanna Journal: Molecules Date: 2021-11-04 Impact factor: 4.411
Authors: Di Zhao; Atul Aravindakshan; Markus Hilpert; Pablo Olmedo; Ana M Rule; Ana Navas-Acien; Angela Aherrera Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2020-03-18 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Jae-Jun Song; Yoon Young Go; Jong Kyou Lee; Bum Sang Lee; Su-Kyoung Park; Harry Jung; Jun Ho Lee; Jiwon Chang Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-11-27 Impact factor: 4.379