Spinopelvic Fixation.

Fixation at the lumbosacral junction continues to be a challenge for spine surgeons despite advances in spinal instrumentation techniques. The poor bone quality of the sacrum, the complex regional anatomy, and the tremendous biomechanical forces at the lumbosacral junction contribute to the high rates of instrumentation-related complications. Although many spinopelvic fixation techniques have been reported, only a few are still widely used because of the high complication rates associated with previous techniques. Spinopelvic fixation has numerous indications. Long-segment lumbar and thoracolumbar fusions to the sacrum are the most common scenarios in which instrumentation is extended to the pelvis. Surgeons performing complex spinal reconstruction should be familiar with the available techniques, including their potential risks and complications.