Level dominance effect and selective attention in a dichotic sample discrimination task.

Differences in individual listening patterns are reported for a dichotic sample discrimination task. Seven tones were drawn from normal distributions with means of 1000 or 1100 Hz on each trial. Even-numbered tones (2, 4, and 6) and odd-numbered tones (1, 3, 5, and 7) were drawn, respectively, from distributions with a 50-Hz and 200-Hz standard deviation. Task difficulty was manipulated by presenting odd and even tones at different intensities. In easy conditions, high and low informative tones were presented at 70 dB and 50 dB, respectively. In difficult conditions, high informative and low informative tones were presented at 50 dB and 70 dB, respectively. Participants judged whether the sample was from high- or low-mean distribution. Decision weights, efficiency, and sensitivity showed a range of abilities to attend to high informative tones, with d' from 2.4-0.7. Most listeners showed a left-ear advantage, while no listeners showed a right ear advantage. Some listeners, but not all, showed no loudness dominance effect with the ability to selectively attend to quiet tones in difficult conditions. These findings show that the influence of an attentional strategy in dichotic listening can overcome the loudness dominance effect for some listeners.