Nathalie Auger1, Mathilde Duplaix2, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand3, Ernest Lo4, Audrey Smargiassi5. 1. University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint Denis St., Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A2, Canada. Electronic address: nathalie.auger@inspq.qc.ca. 2. Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Clermont-Auvergne, 28 Place Henri-Dunant BP 38, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France. 3. University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint Denis St., Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada. 4. Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A2, Canada. 5. Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, H2P 1E2, Canada; Public Health Research Institute, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Environmental noise exposure is associated with a greater risk of hypertension, but the link with preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship between environmental noise pollution and risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed a population-based cohort comprising 269,263 deliveries on the island of Montreal, Canada between 2000 and 2013. We obtained total environmental noise pollution measurements (LAeq24, Lden, Lnight) from land use regression models, and assigned noise levels to each woman based on the residential postal code. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of noise with preeclampsia in mixed logistic regression models with participants as a random effect, and adjusted for air pollution, neighbourhood walkability, maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, socioeconomic deprivation, and year of delivery. We assessed whether noise exposure was more strongly associated with severe or early onset preeclampsia than mild or late onset preeclampsia. RESULTS: Prevalence of preeclampsia was higher for women exposed to elevated environmental noise pollution levels (LAeq24h ≥ 65 dB(A) = 37.9 per 1000 vs. <50 dB(A) = 27.9 per 1000). Compared with 50 dB(A), an LAeq24h of 65.0 dB(A) was not significantly associated the risk of preeclampsia (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99-1.20). Associations were however present with severe (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09-1.54) and early onset (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20-2.43) preeclampsia, with results consistent across all noise indicators. The associations were much weaker or absent for mild and late preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental noise pollution may be a novel risk factor for pregnancy-related hypertension, particularly more severe variants of preeclampsia.
BACKGROUND: Environmental noise exposure is associated with a greater risk of hypertension, but the link with preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship between environmental noise pollution and risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed a population-based cohort comprising 269,263 deliveries on the island of Montreal, Canada between 2000 and 2013. We obtained total environmental noise pollution measurements (LAeq24, Lden, Lnight) from land use regression models, and assigned noise levels to each woman based on the residential postal code. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of noise with preeclampsia in mixed logistic regression models with participants as a random effect, and adjusted for air pollution, neighbourhood walkability, maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, socioeconomic deprivation, and year of delivery. We assessed whether noise exposure was more strongly associated with severe or early onset preeclampsia than mild or late onset preeclampsia. RESULTS: Prevalence of preeclampsia was higher for women exposed to elevated environmental noise pollution levels (LAeq24h ≥ 65 dB(A) = 37.9 per 1000 vs. <50 dB(A) = 27.9 per 1000). Compared with 50 dB(A), an LAeq24h of 65.0 dB(A) was not significantly associated the risk of preeclampsia (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99-1.20). Associations were however present with severe (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09-1.54) and early onset (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20-2.43) preeclampsia, with results consistent across all noise indicators. The associations were much weaker or absent for mild and late preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental noise pollution may be a novel risk factor for pregnancy-related hypertension, particularly more severe variants of preeclampsia.
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