Urinary biomarkers reporting weakness and validation failure in Type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic review.

For better identification of novel diagnostic urinary biomarker in Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), methodological and reporting quality is as important as validity of biomarkers. The aim of this systematic review is to find out the best-reported diagnostic urinary biomarkers study in T2DN based on STARD criteria. We also analyzed the validity of urinary markers in the selected articles those followed STARD criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of urinary biomarkers on T2DN is not conclusive because of the poor reporting quality and differences in adjustment for conventional risk factors. For a proper validation of urinary biomarkers on T2DN, in future large well-designed longitudinal studies, with specific prediction analysis and validation of the biomarkers by adjusting with possible conventional risk factors.