BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors involved in the psychophysiological response of people in acute stressful situations is crucial to the prevention and treatment of stress-related health problems. We aim to integrate the results of studies investigating the role of sex and age in the inter-individual variability in several biomarkers of the stress response. METHODS: We summarize the main findings of our research group and other laboratories regarding sex and age-related differences in the psychophysiological response to psychosocial stress. RESULTS: Sex-related differences in the stress response are observed in blood pressure and cortisol, but not in heart rate, heart rate variability, or salivary alpha-amylase. Additionally, age may explain differences in cortisol levels and basal sympathetic nervous system activity. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of taking sex and age into account in order to understand the stress response and its possible negative effects on health.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors involved in the psychophysiological response of people in acute stressful situations is crucial to the prevention and treatment of stress-related health problems. We aim to integrate the results of studies investigating the role of sex and age in the inter-individual variability in several biomarkers of the stress response. METHODS: We summarize the main findings of our research group and other laboratories regarding sex and age-related differences in the psychophysiological response to psychosocial stress. RESULTS: Sex-related differences in the stress response are observed in blood pressure and cortisol, but not in heart rate, heart rate variability, or salivary alpha-amylase. Additionally, age may explain differences in cortisol levels and basal sympathetic nervous system activity. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of taking sex and age into account in order to understand the stress response and its possible negative effects on health.
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