J Narbutt1, P A Philipsen2, A Lesiak1, T Sandberg Liljendahl3, D Segerbäck3, J Heydenreich2, D Chlebna-Sokol4, P Olsen2, G I Harrison5, A Pearson6, K Baczynska6, M Rogowski-Tylman7, H C Wulf2, A R Young5. 1. Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland. 2. Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark. 3. Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden. 4. Department of Paediatric Propedeutics and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland. 5. St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, U.K. 6. Public Health England, Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, U.K. 7. Dermoklinica Medical Centre, 90-436, Łódź, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure increases the risk of skin cancer in adulthood, which is associated with mutations caused by UVR-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Solar UVR is also the main source of vitamin D, essential for healthy bone development in children. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a 12-day Baltic Sea (54° N) beach holiday on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ] and CPD in 32 healthy Polish children (skin types I-IV). METHODS: Blood and urine were collected before and after the holiday and assessed for 25(OH)D3 and excreted CPD, respectively, and personal UVR exposure was measured. Diaries were used to record sunbathing, sunburn and sunscreen use. Before- and after-holiday skin redness and pigmentation were measured by reflectance spectroscopy. RESULTS: The average ± SD daily exposure UVR dose was 2·4 ± 1·5 standard erythema doses (SEDs), which is borderline erythemal. The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 increased (× 1·24 ± 0·19) from 64·7 ± 13·3 to 79·3 ± 18·7 nmol L-1 (P < 0·001). Mean CPD increased 12·6 ± 10·0-fold from 26·9 ± 17·9 to 248·9 ± 113·4 fmol μmol-1 creatinine (P < 0·001). Increased 25(OH)D3 was accompanied by a very much greater increase in DNA damage associated with carcinogenic potential. Overall, skin type had no significant effects on behavioural, clinical or analytical outcomes, but skin types I/II had more CPD (unadjusted P = 0·0496) than skin types III/IV at the end of the holiday. CONCLUSIONS: Careful consideration must be given to the health outcomes of childhood solar exposure, and a much better understanding of the risk-benefit relationships of such exposure is required. Rigorous photoprotection is necessary for children, even in Northern Europe.
BACKGROUND: Childhood solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure increases the risk of skin cancer in adulthood, which is associated with mutations caused by UVR-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Solar UVR is also the main source of vitamin D, essential for healthy bone development in children. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a 12-day Baltic Sea (54° N) beach holiday on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ] and CPD in 32 healthy Polish children (skin types I-IV). METHODS: Blood and urine were collected before and after the holiday and assessed for 25(OH)D3 and excreted CPD, respectively, and personal UVR exposure was measured. Diaries were used to record sunbathing, sunburn and sunscreen use. Before- and after-holiday skin redness and pigmentation were measured by reflectance spectroscopy. RESULTS: The average ± SD daily exposure UVR dose was 2·4 ± 1·5 standard erythema doses (SEDs), which is borderline erythemal. The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 increased (× 1·24 ± 0·19) from 64·7 ± 13·3 to 79·3 ± 18·7 nmol L-1 (P < 0·001). Mean CPD increased 12·6 ± 10·0-fold from 26·9 ± 17·9 to 248·9 ± 113·4 fmol μmol-1 creatinine (P < 0·001). Increased 25(OH)D3 was accompanied by a very much greater increase in DNA damage associated with carcinogenic potential. Overall, skin type had no significant effects on behavioural, clinical or analytical outcomes, but skin types I/II had more CPD (unadjusted P = 0·0496) than skin types III/IV at the end of the holiday. CONCLUSIONS: Careful consideration must be given to the health outcomes of childhood solar exposure, and a much better understanding of the risk-benefit relationships of such exposure is required. Rigorous photoprotection is necessary for children, even in Northern Europe.
Authors: Mu-Rong Chao; Mark D Evans; Chiung-Wen Hu; Yunhee Ji; Peter Møller; Pavel Rossner; Marcus S Cooke Journal: Redox Biol Date: 2021-01-28 Impact factor: 11.799
Authors: T Passeron; R Bouillon; V Callender; T Cestari; T L Diepgen; A C Green; J C van der Pols; B A Bernard; F Ly; F Bernerd; L Marrot; M Nielsen; M Verschoore; N G Jablonski; A R Young Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2019-07-15 Impact factor: 9.302
Authors: A R Young; J Narbutt; G I Harrison; K P Lawrence; M Bell; C O'Connor; P Olsen; K Grys; K A Baczynska; M Rogowski-Tylman; H C Wulf; A Lesiak; P A Philipsen Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2019-05-24 Impact factor: 9.302