Karlijn Becking1, Bartholomeus C M Haarman2, Laura Grosse3, Willem A Nolen4, Stephan Claes5, Volker Arolt6, Robert A Schoevers7, Hemmo A Drexhage8. 1. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.becking@umcg.nl. 2. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands. 3. University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Münster, Germany; Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands. 5. University Psychiatric Centre KU, Leuven, Belgium. 6. University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Münster, Germany. 7. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands. 8. Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Clinical differentiation between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is difficult. Research has therefore focused on discriminatory biological markers. Previous studies in MDD reported T cell deficits, while the limited studies in BD reported T cell activation. Studies directly comparing circulating numbers of T cells and T cell subsets between BD and MDD are lacking. The studies in the MOODINFLAME consortium make such a comparison possible. METHODS: The number of circulating leukocyte populations (lymphocytes, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, CD3+CD4+ T helper cells, Th1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory cells) was determined using FACS technology in a cohort of 83 euthymic BD patients, 8 BD patients with a current mood episode and 165 healthy controls (HC). Data were compared to those of 34 moderately and 56 severely depressed MDD patients. RESULTS: Compared to MDD patients, BD patients showed significantly increased levels of Th17, Th2, Th1 and T regulatory cells (all p < .02). In BD patients, levels of Th17 and T regulatory cells were increased compared to HC (p = .03, p = .02, respectively), while MDD patients showed decreased levels of Th17 and Th2 compared to HC (p = .03, p = .01, respectively). Of the various medications only SSRI/SNRI usage could explain part of the Th2 decrease in MDD. CONCLUSION: This study shows CD4+ T helper cell deficits in MDD patients, while normal or even raised levels of these cells were found in BD patients. The differences in CD4+ T helper cell differentiation was most outspoken for Th17 cells.
INTRODUCTION: Clinical differentiation between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is difficult. Research has therefore focused on discriminatory biological markers. Previous studies in MDD reported T cell deficits, while the limited studies in BD reported T cell activation. Studies directly comparing circulating numbers of T cells and T cell subsets between BD and MDD are lacking. The studies in the MOODINFLAME consortium make such a comparison possible. METHODS: The number of circulating leukocyte populations (lymphocytes, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, CD3+CD4+ T helper cells, Th1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory cells) was determined using FACS technology in a cohort of 83 euthymic BD patients, 8 BD patients with a current mood episode and 165 healthy controls (HC). Data were compared to those of 34 moderately and 56 severely depressed MDDpatients. RESULTS: Compared to MDDpatients, BD patients showed significantly increased levels of Th17, Th2, Th1 and T regulatory cells (all p < .02). In BD patients, levels of Th17 and T regulatory cells were increased compared to HC (p = .03, p = .02, respectively), while MDDpatients showed decreased levels of Th17 and Th2 compared to HC (p = .03, p = .01, respectively). Of the various medications only SSRI/SNRI usage could explain part of the Th2 decrease in MDD. CONCLUSION: This study shows CD4+ T helper cell deficits in MDDpatients, while normal or even raised levels of these cells were found in BD patients. The differences in CD4+ T helper cell differentiation was most outspoken for Th17 cells.
Authors: Rafael Leite Dantas; Jana Freff; Oliver Ambrée; Eva C Beins; Andreas J Forstner; Udo Dannlowski; Bernhard T Baune; Stefanie Scheu; Judith Alferink Journal: Cells Date: 2021-04-19 Impact factor: 6.600
Authors: Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon; Ana Maria Gómez-Lahoz; Arancha Orozco; Guillermo Lahera; David Diaz; Miguel A Ortega; Agustin Albillos; Javier Quintero; Enrique Aubá; Jorge Monserrat; Melchor Alvarez-Mon Journal: J Pers Med Date: 2021-03-19