Nitrate-mediated control of root nodule symbiosis.

Nitrogen is an indispensable inorganic nutrient that is required by plants throughout their life. Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is an important strategy mainly adopted by legumes to enhance nitrogen acquisition, where several key processes required for the establishment of the symbiosis, are pleiotropically controlled by nitrate availability in soil. Although the autoregulation of nodulation (AON), a systemic long-range signaling, has been suggested to be implicated in nitrate-induced control of RNS, AON alone is insufficient to fully explain the pleiotropic regulation that is induced by nitrate. A recent elucidation of the function of a NIN-LIKE PROTEIN transcription factor has provided greater insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying nitrate-induced control of RNS in varying nitrate environments.