Shawn A Ryan1,2, Robert B Dunne3. 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267 USA. 2. BrightView Health, Cincinnati, OH, 45206 USA. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA.
Abstract
AIM: To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of community-use formulations of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose. METHODS: Systematic literature review based on searches of established databases and congress archives. RESULTS: Seven studies met inclusion criteria: two of US FDA-approved intramuscular (im.)/subcutaneous (sc.) auto-injectors, one of an FDA-approved intranasal spray, two of unapproved intranasal kits (syringe with atomizer attachment) and two of intranasal products in development. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of im./sc. auto-injector 2 mg and approved intranasal spray (2 and 4 mg) demonstrated rapid uptake and naloxone exposure exceeding that of the historic benchmark (0.4 mg im.), indicating that naloxone exposure was adequate for reversal of opioid overdose.
AIM: To assess the pharmacokinetic properties of community-use formulations of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose. METHODS: Systematic literature review based on searches of established databases and congress archives. RESULTS: Seven studies met inclusion criteria: two of US FDA-approved intramuscular (im.)/subcutaneous (sc.) auto-injectors, one of an FDA-approved intranasal spray, two of unapproved intranasal kits (syringe with atomizer attachment) and two of intranasal products in development. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of im./sc. auto-injector 2 mg and approved intranasal spray (2 and 4 mg) demonstrated rapid uptake and naloxone exposure exceeding that of the historic benchmark (0.4 mg im.), indicating that naloxone exposure was adequate for reversal of opioid overdose.
Entities:
Keywords:
auto-injector; bioavailability; community use; drug overdose; intramuscular; intranasal; naloxone; nasal spray; pharmacokinetics; reversal
Authors: Michael C Veronesi; Mosa Alhamami; Shelby B Miedema; Yeonhee Yun; Miguel Ruiz-Cardozo; Michael W Vannier Journal: Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging Date: 2020-02-25