Jiawei Li1,2, Ye Zhang1, Yongbin Zhao3, Yongzhi Chen4, A Ochir5, Hong Zhu1, Hui Zhou1,2. 1. Ancient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China. 2. College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China. 3. Life Science College, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China. 4. Director, Inner Mongolian Museum, Hohhot 010011, People's Republic of China. 5. Coordinator, International Institute for Study of Nomadic Civilization, 210620A, Ulaanbaatar 11, Mongolia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Following the Xiongnu and Xianbei, the Rouran Khaganate (Rouran) was the third great nomadic tribe on the Mongolian Steppe. However, few human remains from this tribe are available for archaeologists and geneticists to study, as traces of the tombs of these nomadic people have rarely been found. In 2014, the IA-M1 remains (TL1) at the Khermen Tal site from the Rouran period were found by a Sino-Mongolian joint archaeological team in Mongolia, providing precious material for research into the genetic imprint of the Rouran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mtDNA hypervariable sequence I (HVS-I) and Y-chromosome SNPs were analyzed, and capture of the paternal non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing of TL1 were performed. The materials from three sites representing the three ancient nationalities (Donghu, Xianbei, and Shiwei) were selected for comparison with the TL1 individual. RESULTS: The mitochondrial haplotype of the TL1 individual was D4b1a2a1. The Y-chromosome haplotype was C2b1a1b/F3830 (ISOGG 2015), which was the same as that of the other two ancient male nomadic samples (ZHS5 and GG3) related to the Xianbei and Shiwei, which were also detected as F3889; this haplotype was reported to be downstream of F3830 by Wei et al. (). DISCUSSION: We conclude that F3889 downstream of F3830 is an important paternal lineage of the ancient Donghu nomads. The Donghu-Xianbei branch is expected to have made an important paternal genetic contribution to Rouran. This component of gene flow ultimately entered the gene pool of modern Mongolic- and Manchu-speaking populations.
OBJECTIVES: Following the Xiongnu and Xianbei, the Rouran Khaganate (Rouran) was the third great nomadic tribe on the Mongolian Steppe. However, few human remains from this tribe are available for archaeologists and geneticists to study, as traces of the tombs of these nomadic people have rarely been found. In 2014, the IA-M1 remains (TL1) at the Khermen Tal site from the Rouran period were found by a Sino-Mongolian joint archaeological team in Mongolia, providing precious material for research into the genetic imprint of the Rouran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mtDNA hypervariable sequence I (HVS-I) and Y-chromosome SNPs were analyzed, and capture of the paternal non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing of TL1 were performed. The materials from three sites representing the three ancient nationalities (Donghu, Xianbei, and Shiwei) were selected for comparison with the TL1 individual. RESULTS: The mitochondrial haplotype of the TL1 individual was D4b1a2a1. The Y-chromosome haplotype was C2b1a1b/F3830 (ISOGG 2015), which was the same as that of the other two ancient male nomadic samples (ZHS5 and GG3) related to the Xianbei and Shiwei, which were also detected as F3889; this haplotype was reported to be downstream of F3830 by Wei et al. (). DISCUSSION: We conclude that F3889 downstream of F3830 is an important paternal lineage of the ancient Donghu nomads. The Donghu-Xianbei branch is expected to have made an important paternal genetic contribution to Rouran. This component of gene flow ultimately entered the gene pool of modern Mongolic- and Manchu-speaking populations.
Authors: Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; István Koncz; Gergely Csiky; Zsófia Rácz; A B Rohrlach; Guido Brandt; Nadin Rohland; Veronika Csáky; Olivia Cheronet; Bea Szeifert; Tibor Ákos Rácz; András Benedek; Zsolt Bernert; Norbert Berta; Szabolcs Czifra; János Dani; Zoltán Farkas; Tamara Hága; Tamás Hajdu; Mónika Jászberényi; Viktória Kisjuhász; Barbara Kolozsi; Péter Major; Antónia Marcsik; Bernadett Ny Kovacsóczy; Csilla Balogh; Gabriella M Lezsák; János Gábor Ódor; Márta Szelekovszky; Tamás Szeniczey; Judit Tárnoki; Zoltán Tóth; Eszter K Tutkovics; Balázs G Mende; Patrick Geary; Walter Pohl; Tivadar Vida; Ron Pinhasi; David Reich; Zuzana Hofmanová; Choongwon Jeong; Johannes Krause Journal: Cell Date: 2022-04-01 Impact factor: 66.850
Authors: Veronika Csáky; Dániel Gerber; István Koncz; Gergely Csiky; Balázs G Mende; Bea Szeifert; Balázs Egyed; Horolma Pamjav; Antónia Marcsik; Erika Molnár; György Pálfi; András Gulyás; Bernadett Kovacsóczy; Gabriella M Lezsák; Gábor Lőrinczy; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; Tivadar Vida Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-01-22 Impact factor: 4.379