Tim Sinnecker1,2,3,4, Cristina Granziera1,2, Jens Wuerfel3,4,5, Regina Schlaeger6,7. 1. Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. 2. Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 3. Medical Image Analysis Center Basel AG, Basel, Switzerland. 4. NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 5. Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. 6. Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. regina.schlaeger@usb.ch. 7. Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. regina.schlaeger@usb.ch.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Volumetric analysis of brain imaging has emerged as a standard approach used in clinical research, e.g., in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its application in individual disease course monitoring is still hampered by biological and technical limitations. This review summarizes novel developments in volumetric imaging on the road towards clinical application to eventually monitor treatment response in patients with MS. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the assessment of whole-brain volume changes, recent work was focused on the volumetry of specific compartments and substructures of the central nervous system (CNS) in MS. This included volumetric imaging of the deep brain structures and of the spinal cord white and gray matter. Volume changes of the latter indeed independently correlate with clinical outcome measures especially in progressive MS. Ultrahigh field MRI and quantitative MRI added to this trend by providing a better visualization of small compartments on highly resolving MR images as well as microstructural information. New developments in volumetric imaging have the potential to improve sensitivity as well as specificity in detecting and hence monitoring disease-related CNS volume changes in MS.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Volumetric analysis of brain imaging has emerged as a standard approach used in clinical research, e.g., in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its application in individual disease course monitoring is still hampered by biological and technical limitations. This review summarizes novel developments in volumetric imaging on the road towards clinical application to eventually monitor treatment response in patients with MS. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the assessment of whole-brain volume changes, recent work was focused on the volumetry of specific compartments and substructures of the central nervous system (CNS) in MS. This included volumetric imaging of the deep brain structures and of the spinal cord white and gray matter. Volume changes of the latter indeed independently correlate with clinical outcome measures especially in progressive MS. Ultrahigh field MRI and quantitative MRI added to this trend by providing a better visualization of small compartments on highly resolving MR images as well as microstructural information. New developments in volumetric imaging have the potential to improve sensitivity as well as specificity in detecting and hence monitoring disease-related CNS volume changes in MS.
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