Chao-Wen Cheng1, Che-Chang Chang2, Hsiu-Wen Chen3, Ching-Yu Lin3,4,5, Jin-Shuen Chen6. 1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan. 5. PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Among multiple causes, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major underlying renal disease that leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and early diagnosis can effectively prevent or delay the progression to ESRD. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop noninvasive, accurate detection markers. MATERIALS & METHODS: For this study, 62 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 59 DN patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants' serum samples were subjected to concavanalin (Con) A affinity chromatography, which utilizes glycoproteins to discover potential markers. RESULTS: From nano LC-MS and Western blot analysis, apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA4) was selected which featured a gradual, almost twofold increase in the order of HC, DM and DN. In the Con A-based ELISA, the DM group was 1.91-fold higher than the HC group, while the DN group was 2.56-fold higher than the HCs and 1.33-fold higher than the DM group. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between ApoA4 and blood urea nitrogen levels and between ApoA4 and creatine levels, while significant negative correlations were seen between serum protein levels and between serum albumin levels in comparisons of DM and DN samples. CONCLUSIONS: Serum Con A-bound ApoA4 levels were higher in the DM group than in HCs, and further increased in the DN group. Levels of ApoA4 were positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and creatine, but negatively correlated with serum protein and albumin. This evidence supports serum Con A-bound ApoA4 as a circulating marker for predicting the progression of renal impairment in DM patients.
BACKGROUND: Among multiple causes, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major underlying renal disease that leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and early diagnosis can effectively prevent or delay the progression to ESRD. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop noninvasive, accurate detection markers. MATERIALS & METHODS: For this study, 62 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 59 DN patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants' serum samples were subjected to concavanalin (Con) A affinity chromatography, which utilizes glycoproteins to discover potential markers. RESULTS: From nano LC-MS and Western blot analysis, apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA4) was selected which featured a gradual, almost twofold increase in the order of HC, DM and DN. In the Con A-based ELISA, the DM group was 1.91-fold higher than the HC group, while the DN group was 2.56-fold higher than the HCs and 1.33-fold higher than the DM group. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between ApoA4 and blood ureanitrogen levels and between ApoA4 and creatine levels, while significant negative correlations were seen between serum protein levels and between serum albumin levels in comparisons of DM and DN samples. CONCLUSIONS: Serum Con A-bound ApoA4 levels were higher in the DM group than in HCs, and further increased in the DN group. Levels of ApoA4 were positively correlated with blood ureanitrogen and creatine, but negatively correlated with serum protein and albumin. This evidence supports serum Con A-bound ApoA4 as a circulating marker for predicting the progression of renal impairment in DMpatients.