Dataset of long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the influence areas of a hydroelectric power plant on the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin.

BACKGROUND: Biodiversity loss is accelerating rapidly in response to increasing human influence on the Earth's natural ecosystems. One way to overcome this problem is by focusing on places of human interest and monitoring the changes and impacts on the biodiversity. This study was conducted at six sites within the influence area of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant in the margins of the Madeira River in Rondônia State. The sites cover a latitudinal gradient of approximately 100 km in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. The sampling design included six sampling modules with six plots (transects) each, totaling 30 sampling plots. The transects were distributed with 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km and 4 km, measured perpendicularly from the river margin towards the interior of the forest. For sampling the ground-dwelling ants, the study used the ALL (ants of the leaf litter) protocol, which is standardized globally in the inventories of ant fauna. For the purpose of impact indicators, the first two campaigns (September 2011 to November 2011) were carried out in the pre-filling period, while campaigns 3 to 10 (February 2012 to November 2014) were carried out during and after the filling of the hydroelectric reservoir. A total of 253 events with a total of 9,165 occurrences were accounted during the monitoring. The ants were distributed in 10 subfamilies, 68 genera and 324 species/morphospecies. The impact on ant biodiversity during the periods before and after filling was measured by ecological indicators and by the presence and absence of some species/morphospecies. This is the first study, as far as we know, including taxonomic and ecological treatment to monitor the impact of a hydroelectric power plant on ant fauna. NEW INFORMATION: Until recently, most studies conducted on hydroelectric plants, located in the Amazon Basin, were carried out after the implementation of dams in order to assess their impacts on the environment and biodiversity (Benchimol and Peres 2015, Latrubesse et al. 2017, Sá-Oliveira et al. 2015). Recent studies on dam impacts have begun to be conducted prior to dam implementation (e.g. Bobrowiec and Tavares 2017, Fraga et al. 2014, Moser et al. 2014), thus providing a better overview of the impact and a better assessment of its magnitude.

Introduction

Biodiversity loss is accelerating rapidly in response to increasing human influence on the Earth’s natural ecosystems (Pimm et al. 1995, Vitousek 1997). Knowing the spatial and temporal organization of species in natural environments is essential for the understanding and conservation of biodiversity (Barton et al. 2013), as well as fostering land management decisions (Evans and Viengkham 2001). Large-scale, spatially structured sampling is a powerful tool to help land managers decide where to pursue conservation action most effectively (Turner et al. 1995). Even today, it is difficult to access accurate information on the spatial distribution of most organisms and their relationships with environmental variables at large scales, despite the availability of many methods for biodiversity planning and conservation (Barlow et al. 2010, Gibson et al. 2011, Margules et al. 2002). There are databases on species richness (Costello et al. 2013), but richness alone has limited use for conservation, because it does not give information on many endemic species or the complementarity of species compositions between regions (Groc et al. 2014, Lamoreux et al. 2005, Sarkar and Margules 2002). Furthermore, most assessments of species–habitat relationships can be compromised if the sampling design of surveys is not spatially clear (Gotelli et al. 2011).

Invertebrate populations can indicate longer-term general ecosystem change, such as restoration of mine sites or climate change (e.g., McGeoch 1998, Bisevac and Majer 1999, Parmesan et al. 1999, York 2000). However, despite recognition that monitoring invertebrates is an important endeavour, widely accepted by national and international funding agencies, monitoring efforts have rarely generated returns commensurate to their investment. All too frequently, insect monitoring lacks both specific goals and a framework detailing how results will be integrated into management decision-making.

One way to overcome these situations is by using good bioindicators taxa, as well as ants, considered particularly useful for monitoring for a number of reasons. Ants are one of the most successful groups of organisms on the planet (Hölldobler and Wilson 1990). To date, approximately 13,360 species of ants (antcat.org), all eusocial, have been described and hundreds of new species are described each year. Ant biologists estimate that the family could include no fewer than 20,000 species (Hölldobler and Wilson 1990). All species of ants occupy a nest structure, either temporarily or permanently. These structures can be preexisting cavities or even made their own bodies (e.g. army ants) that do not involve much, if any, excavation or direct modification of the surrounding environments (Guénard 2013). They are abundant and ubiquitous in both intact habitat and disturbed areas (Andersen 1990 Majer 1983, Hoffmann et al. 2000), sampling is relatively easy without requiring enormous expertise (Greenslade and Greenslade 1984, Fisher 1999, Agosti and Alonso 2000, Alonso 2000), and ants have proven sensitive and rapid responders to environmental variables (Campbell and Tanton 1981, Majer 1983 Andersen 1990). Moreover, ants are important functionally at many different trophic levels (Alonso 2000), and they play critical ecological roles in soil turnover and structure (Humphreys 1981, Lobry de Bruyn and Conacher 1994), nutrient cycling (Levieux 1983, Lal 1988), plant protection, seed dispersal, and seed predation (Ashton 1979, Beattie 1985, Christian 2001). Together, these qualities suggest ants merit monitoring for their own sake, as they provide high information content about an ecologically and numerically dominant group (Underwood and Fisher 2006). Despite the increased availability of methods for conservation planning, adequate information about the spatial distribution of biodiversity in large regions, such as the Amazon Basin, remains sparse for most biological groups (Margules et al. 2002).

More than a hundred hydropower dams have already been built in the Amazon Basin and numerous proposals for further dam constructions are under consideration (Latrubesse et al. 2017). Recent scientific reviews have considered the environmental impacts of damming Amazonian rivers (Davidson et al. 2012, Castello and Macedo 2015, Winemiller et al. 2016, Fearnside 2016). The accumulated negative environmental effects of existing dams, not to mention proposed dams (if constructed), have triggered massive hydrophysical and biotic disturbances affecting the Amazon Basin’s floodplains, estuaries and sediment plumes (Latrubesse et al. 2017), as well as causing losses in river connectivity (Anderson et al. 2018).

The Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant became operational at the beginning of 2016 in the Madeira River in Rondônia State. Prior to the construction of the Santo Antônio Plant, the fauna and flora of the impacted area were surveyed in environmental impact studies commissioned by the Brazilian Institute of Environment (IBAMA). The Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant and its accompanying reservoir represent the first time in history, as far as we know, in which a monitoring program of invertebrates was conducted to evaluate the influence before and after the total filling of the dam in the Amazon Basin.

Project description

Title

Environmental monitoring of ants (: ) in the influence areas of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant in the Madeira River in the Brazilian Amazon

Personnel

Itanna Oliveira Fernandes, Jorge Luiz Pereira de Souza

Study area description

The study was conducted at six sites associated with the Brazilian Biodiversity Research Program (PPBio) — Pedras, Búfalos, Morrinhos, Jaci-Paraná MD, Jaci-Paraná ME and Teotônio modules — within the influence area of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant in the margins of the Madeira River in Rondônia State.

Design description

Ants were sampled in permanent plots with five samples per sampling method. We used the RAPELD sampling design, which is based on a system of trails and permanent plots where a diverse range of taxa can be sampled (Costa and Magnusson 2010, Magnusson et al. 2005, Magnusson et al. 2013). The permanent plots are 250 m long and positioned to follow terrain contours to minimize the effects of topographical variation within plots. In each module, transects have a 1 km distance from each other, following the same spatial design.

Sampling methods

Study extent

The sites cover a latitudinal gradient of approximately 100 km in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. The sampling design included six sampling modules with six transects (Pedras, Búfalos, Morrinhos, Jaci-Paraná MD, Jaci-Paraná ME and Teotônio modules), each totalling 30 sampling plots. The transects were distributed 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km and 4 km from the river's edge, measured perpendicularly from the river margin towards the interior of the forest. For the purpose of impact indicators, the first two campaigns (September 2011 to November 2011) were carried out in the pre-filling period, while campaigns 3 to 10 (February 2012 to November 2014) were carried out after the filling of the hydroelectric reservoir. The campaigns were conducted during the dry and rainy seasons of the Amazon over four years, with intervals of three months between each campaign (whenever possible).

Sampling description

Ants were sampled in permanent plots with five samples per sampling method along the transects 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km and 4 km (Fig. 1). We used the RAPELD sampling design, which is based on a system of trails and permanent plots where a diverse range of taxa can be sampled (Costa and Magnusson 2010, Magnusson et al. 2005, Magnusson et al. 2013). The permanent plots are 250 m long and positioned to follow terrain contours to minimize the effects of topographical variation within plots. In each site, plots were 1 km apart from each other, following the same spatial design.

Figure 1.

Transects of each module to collect ants in the influence areas of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant, Porto Velho - RO, with perpendicular distances from the river margin. In details are each transect with a 1 km distance from each other following the same spatial design and each sampling plot in the permanent plots of 250 m length.

The protocol adopted for collection of litter ants is called the ALL protocol (leaflet ants), which is globally standardized on inventories of a litter of ant fauna (Agosti and Alonso 2000). Ground-dwelling ants collected in plots using litter samples were processed in Winkler extractors. Litter-dwelling ants were sampled from a 1 m2 litter in sampling plots located at 50 m intervals along the center line of each transect. Using a Winkler extractor with a 1 cm2 mesh sieve, the leaves were sifted through a wire sieve of 1 cm2 mesh size by shaking the sifter vigorously at least 15 times. The ants were extracted from the sifted litter and placed in a mesh bag inside a cotton bag for 24 hours (Fig. 2). If the sifted leaf litter volume exceeded the capacity of a single mini-Winkler extractor, a second extractor was used. In behavioural response to litter drying, the ants migrate from the suspended sample and fall into a container partially filled with alcohol at the bottom of the bag (Agosti et al. 2000, Bestelmeyer et al. 2000) (Fig. 3). The litter-sampling procedures were undertaken between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. All ants were first identified to genus using the taxonomic keys provided by Baccaro et al. 2015. Then, they were sorted into species and morphospecies. We used available taxonomic keys or compared with specimens in collections previously identified by experts. A unique identification was given for each morphospecies based on morphological differences from related species. The morphotyping was the same for all collection sites. Vouchers are deposited in the invertebrate collection of the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA).

Figure 2.

Sample from 1 m2 leaf litter of each sampling plot located at 50 m intervals along the transect and mesh sieve used to separate the leaves from the invertebrates.

Figure 3.

Mini-Winkler extractors composed by a mesh bag filled with sifted sample inside and a cotton bag outside. In response to the drying, the ants migrate from the suspended sample and fall into a container partially filled with alcohol at the bottom of the bag.

Geographic coverage

Description

Areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant in Rondônia, Brazil.

Coordinates

-9.25 and -8.59 Latitude; -64.45 and -63.88 Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

The ants were identified by species and morphospecies, as well as subfamily. Some genera were recorded for the first time in South America ( Roger, 1861) and others in Rondônia State ( Emery, 1906; Brown & Kempf, 1961; Wheeler, 1910; Emery, 1913; Emery, 1913; Wheeler, 1910; and Mayr, 1870). We also obtained new records of the following species for Rondônia State: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . A total of 46,342 individuals were collected during four years of field collections. A list of all the ants identified in subfamilies (10), genera (68) and species/morphospecies (324). More information about the ecological data and occurence is available in Suppl. materials 1, 2

Traits coverage

Data coverage of traits

PLEASE FILL IN TRAIT INFORMATION HERE

Temporal coverage

Notes

2011-09-02 through 2011-09-09, 2011-11-17 through 2012-12-03, 2012-02-28 through 2012-03-12, 2012-05-30 through 2012-06-11, 2013-09-19 through 2013-01-31, 2013-04-18 through 2013-04-28, 2013-06-28 through 2013-07-05, 2013-10-20 through 2013-09-26, 2014-01-17 through 2014-01-27, 2014-11-13 through 2014-11-23

Collection data

Collection name

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA/ Coleção de Invertebrados/ HYM

Specimen preservation method

alcohol, pinned

Usage rights

Use license

Other

IP rights notes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License.

Data resources

Data package title

Environmental monitoring of ants (: ) in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant in Rondônia, Brazil.

Alternative identifiers

914c3b86-f2a1-4d5e-b343-b2597b9d4542, https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/sibbr/resource?r=ant_monitoring_in_santo_antonio_hydroelectric_power_plant_rondonia

Number of data sets

2

Data set 1.

Data set name

Environmental monitoring of ants (: ) in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant in Rondônia, Brazil.

Data format

Darwin Core

Number of columns

26

Character set

Event

Description

Biodiversity loss is accelerating rapidly in response to increasing human influence on the Earth’s natural ecosystems. One way to overcome this problem is by focusing on places of human interest and monitoring the changes and impacts on the biodiversity. This study was conducted at six sites within the influence area of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant in the margins of the Madeira River, Rondônia. The sites cover a latitudinal gradient of approximately 100 km in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. The sampling design included six sampling modules with six transects in each module, totaling 30 sampling plots in each module. Transects were distrubuted with 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, and 4 km, measured perpendicularly from the river margin towards the interior of the forest. For sampling the ground-dwelling ants, we used the ALL (ants of the leaf litter) protocol, which is standardized globally in the inventories of ant fauna. For the purpose of impact indicators, the first two campaigns (September 2011 to November 2011) were carried out in the pre-filling period, while campaigns 3 to 10 (Febuary 2012 to November 2014) were carried out during and after the filling of the hydroelectric reservoir. A total of 253 events with a total of 9.165 occurrences were accounted during the monitoring. The ants were distributed in 10 subfamilies, 68 genera, and 324 species/morphospecies (Fig. 4). The impact on ant biodiversity during the periods before and after filling was measured by ecological indicators and by the presence and absence of some species/morphospecies. This is the first study, as far as we know, including taxonomic and ecological treatment to monitor the impact of a hydroelectric power plant on ant fauna.

Figure 4.

Species occurrence before and after reservoir filling in the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant. Dotted lines mark the 95% confidence intervals.

Data set 2.

Environmental monitoring of ants (: ) in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant in Rondônia, Brazil.

33

Occurrence

Additional information

Fernandes I (2017): Environmental monitoring of ants (: ) in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant in Rondônia, Brazil. v1.7. Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira - SiBBr. Dataset/Samplingevent. https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/sibbr/resource?r=ant_monitoring_in_santo_antonio_hydroelectric_power_plant_rondonia&v=1.7

A total of 253 events of collection in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant.

Data type: metadata (DwC-A) event

File: oo_182359.xlsx

A total of 9.165 occurrences in the influence areas of Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power-Plant.

Data type: metadata (DwC-A) occurences

File: oo_182361.xlsx

Rank	Scientific Name	Common Name
family	Formicidae Latreille, 1809	ant
subfamily	Agroecomyrmecinae Carpenter, 1930	ant
genus	Tatuidris Brown & Kempf, 1968	ant
species	Tatuidris tatusia Brown & Kempf, 1968	ant
subfamily	Amblyoponinae Forel, 1893	ant
genus	Fulakora Mann, 1919	ant
species	Fulakora degenerata (Borgmeier, 1957)	ant
genus	Prionopelta Mayr, 1866	ant
species	Prionopelta sp. 1	ant
subfamily	Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878	ant
genus	Azteca Forel, 1878	ant
species	Azteca cf. chartiffex Emery, 1896	ant
species	Azteca sp. 1	ant
species	Azteca sp. 2	ant
species	Azteca sp. 3	ant
species	Azteca sp. 4	ant
species	Azteca sp. 5	ant
genus	Dolichoderus Lund, 1831	ant
species	Dolichoderus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
species	Dolichoderus bispinosus (Olivier, 1792)	ant
species	Dolichoderus cogitans Forel, 1912	ant
species	Dolichoderus debilis Emery, 1890	ant
species	Dolichoderus decollatus Smith, 1858	ant
species	Dolichoderus imitator Emery, 1894	ant
species	Dolichoderus longicollis MacKay, 1993	ant
species	Dolichoderus septemspinosus Emery, 1894	ant
species	Dolichoderus sp. 1	ant
genus	Linepithema Mayr, 1866	ant
species	Linepithema sp. 1	ant
genus	Tapinoma Foerster, 1850	ant
species	Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793)	ant
species	Tapinoma sp. 1	ant
subfamily	Dorylinae Leach, 1815	ant
genus	Cheliomyrmex Mayr, 1870	ant
species	Cheliomyrmex megalonyx Wheeler, 1921	ant
genus	Eciton Latreille, 1804	ant
species	Eciton burchellii (Westwood, 1842)	ant
genus	Labidus Jurine, 1807	ant
species	Labidus praedator (Smith, 1858)	ant
species	Labidus spininodis (Emery, 1890)	ant
genus	Neivamyrmex Borgmeier, 1940	ant
species	Neivamyrmex adnepos (Wheeler, 1922)	ant
species	Neivamyrmex angustinodis (Emery, 1888)	ant
species	Neivamyrmex sp. 3	ant
genus	Neocerapachys Borowiec, 2016	ant
species	Neocerapachys splendens (Borgmeier, 1957)	ant
genus	Syscia Roger, 1861	ant
species	Syscia augustae (Wheeler, 1902)	ant
subfamily	Ectatomminae Emery, 1895	ant
genus	Ectatomma Smith, 1858	ant
species	Ectatomma brunneum Smith, 1858	ant
species	Ectatomma edentatum Roger, 1863	ant
species	Ectatomma lugens Emery, 1894	ant
genus	Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863	ant
species	Gnamptogenys acuminata (Emery, 1896)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys caelata Kempf, 1967	ant
species	Gnamptogenys ericae (Forel, 1912)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys haenschi (Emery, 1902)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys horni (Santschi, 1929)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys kempfi Lenko, 1964	ant
species	Gnamptogenys moelleri (Forel, 1912)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys pleurodon (Emery, 1896)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys relicta (Mann, 1916)	ant
species	Gnamptogenys sp. 1	ant
species	Gnamptogenys sp. 11	ant
species	Gnamptogenys sp. 3	ant
species	Gnamptogenys sp. 5	ant
species	Gnamptogenys tortuolosa (Smith, 1858)	ant
genus	Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Typhlomyrmex sp. 1	ant
subfamily	Formicinae Latreille, 1809	ant
genus	Acropyga Roger, 1862	ant
species	Acropyga sp. 1	ant
genus	Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 1	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 2	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 3	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 4	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 5	ant
species	Brachymyrmex sp. 6	ant
genus	Camponotus Mayr, 1861.	ant
species	Camponotus atriceps (Smith, 1858)	ant
species	Camponotus blandus (Smith, 1858)	ant
species	Camponotus cameranoi Emery, 1894	ant
species	Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Camponotus fastigatus Roger, 1863	ant
species	Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Camponotus novogranadensis Mayr, 1870	ant
species	Camponotus rapax (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Camponotus rectangularis Emery, 1890	ant
species	Camponotus sericeiventris (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)	ant
species	Camponotus sp. 5	ant
species	Camponotus sp. 6	ant
genus	Gigantiops Roger, 1863	ant
species	Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
genus	Nylanderia Emery, 1906	ant
species	Nylanderia cf. caeciliae (Forel, 1899)	ant
species	Nylanderia cf. fulva (Mayr, 1862)	ant
species	Nylanderia cf. guatemalensis (Forel, 1885)	ant
species	Nylanderia sp. 3	ant
species	Nylanderia sp. 5	ant
subfamily	Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835	ant
genus	Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865	ant
species	Acromyrmex cf. subterraneus (Forel, 1893)	ant
genus	Allomerus Mayr, 1878	ant
species	Allomerus octoarticulatus Mayr, 1878	ant
genus	Apterostigma Mayr, 1865	ant
species	Apterostigma auriculatum Wheeler, 1925	ant
species	Apterostigma gr. pilosum	ant
genus	Atta Fabricius, 1804	ant
species	Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
species	Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
genus	Basiceros Schulz, 1906	ant
species	Basiceros militaris (Weber, 1950)	ant
genus	Blepharidatta Wheeler, 1915	ant
species	Blepharidatta brasiliensis Wheeler, 1915	ant
genus	Carebara Westwood, 1840	ant
species	Carebara gr. lignata	ant
species	Carebara sp. 1	ant
species	Carebara sp. 2	ant
species	Carebara sp. 5	ant
species	Carebara urichi (Wheeler, 1922)	ant
genus	Cephalotes Latreille, 1802	ant
species	Cephalotes atratus (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
species	Cephalotes minutus (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Cephalotes pellans De Andrade, 1999	ant
species	Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824)	ant
species	Cephalotes sp. 1	ant
species	Cephalotes sp. 2	ant
species	Cephalotes sp. 3	ant
genus	Crematogaster Lund, 1831	ant
species	Crematogaster acuta (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr, 1878	ant
species	Crematogaster carinata Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Crematogaster curvispinosa Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Crematogaster flavosensitiva Longino, 2003	ant
species	Crematogaster limata Smith, 1858	ant
species	Crematogaster longispina Emery, 1890	ant
species	Crematogaster nigropilosa Mayr, 1870	ant
species	Crematogaster sotobosque Longino, 2003	ant
species	Crematogaster sp. 2	ant
species	Crematogaster stollii Forel, 1885	ant
species	Crematogaster tenuicula Forel, 1904	ant
genus	Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber, 1938	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr, 1862	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex peltatus Kempf, 1966	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola, 1851)	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex cf. salvini Forel, 1899	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex sp. 12	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex sp. 13	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex sp. 3	ant
species	Cyphomyrmex sp. 4	ant
genus	Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf, 1961	ant
species	Eurhopalothrix pilulifera Brown & Kempf, 1960	ant
genus	Hylomyrma Forel, 1912	ant
species	Hylomyrma dentiloba (Santschi, 1931)	ant
species	Hylomyrma cf. dolichops Kempf, 1973	ant
species	Hylomyrma immanis Kempf, 1973	ant
species	Hylomyrma longiscapa Kempf, 1961	ant
species	Hylomyrma cf. reitteri (Mayr, 1887)	ant
species	Hylomyrma sp. 2	ant
species	Hylomyrma sp. 3	ant
genus	Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910	ant
species	Lachnomyrmex sp. 1	ant
genus	Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885	ant
species	Megalomyrmex balzani Emery, 1894	ant
species	Megalomyrmex cuatiara Brandão, 1990	ant
species	Megalomyrmex drifti Kempf, 1961	ant
species	Megalomyrmex goeldii Forel, 1912	ant
species	Megalomyrmex leoninus Forel, 1885	ant
species	Megalomyrmex sp. 2	ant
species	Megalomyrmex sp. 5	ant
species	Megalomyrmex sp. 8	ant
species	Megalomyrmex wallacei Mann, 1916	ant
genus	Monomorium Mayr, 1855	ant
species	Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
genus	Mycetarotes Emery, 1913	ant
species	Mycetarotes sp. 1	ant
genus	Mycetophylax Emery, 1913	ant
species	Mycetophylax cf. lectus (Forel, 1911)	ant
species	Mycetophylax strigatus (Mayr, 1887)	ant
genus	Mycocepurus Forel, 1893	ant
species	Mycocepurus goeldii (Forel, 1893)	ant
species	Mycocepurus sp. 1	ant
species	Mycocepurus sp. 2	ant
species	Mycocepurus sp. 3	ant
genus	Myrmicocrypta Smith, 1860	ant
species	Myrmicocrypta sp. 1	ant
species	Myrmicocrypta sp. 2	ant
genus	Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910	ant
species	Nesomyrmex pleuriticus (Kempf, 1959)	ant
genus	Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878	ant
species	Ochetomyrmex semipolitus Mayr, 1878	ant
genus	Octostruma Forel, 1912	ant
species	Octostruma balzani (Emery, 1894)	ant
species	Octostruma iheringi (Emery, 1888)	ant
species	Octostruma sp. 1	ant
species	Octostruma sp. 2	ant
species	Octostruma sp. 3	ant
genus	Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926	ant
species	Oxyepoecus ephippiatus Albuquerque & Brandão, 2004	ant
genus	Pheidole Westwood, 1839	ant
species	Pheidole fracticeps Wilson, 2003	ant
species	Pheidole biconstricta Mayr, 1870	ant
species	Pheidole flavens Roger, 1863	ant
species	Pheidole vorax (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 1	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 4	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 6	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 4	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 6	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 10	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 11	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 12	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 14	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 15	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 16	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 17	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 18	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 19	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 2	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 20	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 21	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 22	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 23	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 24	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 26	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 27	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 28	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 29	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 3	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 30	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 32	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 40	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 41	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 42	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 43	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 44	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 45	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 46	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 47	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 48	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 49	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 5	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 50	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 51	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 52	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 53	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 54	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 55	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 7	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 8	ant
species	Pheidole sp. 9	ant
genus	Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870	ant
species	Rhopalothrix sp. 1	ant
species	Rhopalothrix sp. 2	ant
genus	Rogeria Emery, 1894	ant
species	Rogeria alzatei Kugler, 1994	ant
species	Rogeria cf. belti Mann, 1922	ant
species	Rogeria blanda (Smith, 1858)	ant
species	Rogeria cf. cornuta Kugler, 1994	ant
species	Rogeria cf. cuneola Kugler, 1994	ant
species	Rogeria leptonana Kugler, 1994	ant
species	Rogeria sp. 1	ant
species	Rogeria sp. 2	ant
genus	Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865	ant
species	Sericomyrmex sp. 1	ant
species	Sericomyrmex sp. 2	ant
genus	Solenopsis Westwood, 1840	ant
species	Solenopsis cf. castor Forel, 1893	ant
species	Solenopsis cf. clytemnestra Emery, 1896	ant
species	Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Solenopsis gr. molesta	ant
species	Solenopsis cf. loretana Santschi, 1936	ant
species	Solenopsis cf. saevissima (Smith, 1855)	ant
species	Solenopsis sp. 3	ant
species	Solenopsis sp. 5	ant
species	Solenopsis sp. 7	ant
species	Solenopsis substituta Santschi, 1925	ant
genus	Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912	ant
species	Stegomyrmex cf. olindae Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2008	ant
genus	Strumigenys Smith, 1860	ant
species	Strumigenys appretiata (Borgmeier, 1954)	ant
species	Strumigenys beebei (Wheeler, 1915)	ant
species	Strumigenys deinomastax (Bolton, 2000)	ant
species	Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887	ant
species	Strumigenys elongata Roger, 1863	ant
species	Strumigenys infidelis Santschi, 1919	ant
species	Strumigenys inusitata (Lattke, 1992)	ant
species	Strumigenys cf. perparva Brown, 1958	ant
species	Strumigenys smithii Forel, 1886	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 1	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 10	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 13	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 14	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 15	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 2	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 3	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 4	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 5	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 6	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 7	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 8	ant
species	Strumigenys sp. 9	ant
species	Strumigenys cf. trinidadensis Wheeler, 1922	ant
species	Strumigenys trudifera Kempf & Brown, 1969	ant
species	Strumigenys zeteki (Brown, 1959)	ant
genus	Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. bugnioni (Forel, 1912)	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. cornetzi (Forel, 1912)	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. diversus Mann, 1916	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. farinosus (Emery, 1894)	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. mandibularis Weber, 1938	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. opulentus (Mann, 1922)	ant
species	Trachymyrmex cf. ruthae Weber, 1937	ant
species	Trachymyrmex sp. 10	ant
species	Trachymyrmex sp. 3	ant
species	Trachymyrmex sp. 7	ant
species	Trachymyrmex sp. 8	ant
species	Trachymyrmex sp. 9	ant
genus	Tranopelta Mayr, 1866	ant
species	Tranopelta gilva Mayr, 1866	ant
species	Tranopelta sp. 1	ant
genus	Wasmannia Forel, 1893	ant
species	Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863)	ant
species	Wasmannia rochai Forel, 1912	ant
species	Wasmannia scrobifera Kempf, 1961	ant
species	Wasmannia sp. 1	ant
subfamily	Ponerinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835	ant
genus	Anochetus Mayr, 1861	ant
species	Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912	ant
species	Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964	ant
species	Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884	ant
species	Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894	ant
species	Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894	ant
genus	Dinoponera Roger, 1861	ant
species	Dinoponera gigantea (Perty, 1833)	ant
genus	Hypoponera Santschi, 1938	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 1	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 16	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 2	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 3	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 4	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 5	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 6	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 7	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 8	ant
species	Hypoponera sp. 9	ant
genus	Leptogenys Roger, 1861	ant
species	Leptogenys unistimulosa Roger, 1863	ant
genus	Mayaponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014	ant
species	Mayaponera constricta (Mayr, 1884)	ant
genus	Neoponera Emery, 1901	ant
species	Neoponera apicalis (Latreille, 1802)	ant
species	Neoponera cavinodis Mann, 1916	ant
species	Neoponera commutata (Roger, 1860)	ant
species	Neoponera laevigata (Smith, 1858)	ant
species	Neoponera unidentata (Mayr, 1862)	ant
species	Neoponera venusta Forel, 1912	ant
species	Neoponera verenae Forel, 1922	ant
genus	Odontomachus Latreille, 1804	ant
species	Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892	ant
species	Odontomachus caelatus Brown, 1976	ant
species	Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille, 1802)	ant
species	Odontomachus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1758)	ant
species	Odontomachus hastatus (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Odontomachus laticeps Roger, 1861	ant
species	Odontomachus meinerti Forel, 1905	ant
species	Odontomachus sp. 1	ant
species	Odontomachus sp. 2	ant
genus	Pachycondyla Smith, 1858	ant
species	Pachycondyla crassinoda (Latreille, 1802)	ant
species	Pachycondyla harpax (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Pachycondyla impressa (Roger, 1861)	ant
species	Pachycondyla sp. 1	ant
species	Pachycondyla sp. 2	ant
species	Pachycondyla sp. 3	ant
species	Pachycondyla striata Smith, 1858	ant
genus	Pseudoponera Emery, 1900	ant
species	Pseudoponera stigma (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
genus	Rasopone Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014	ant
species	Rasopone arhuaca (Forel, 1901)	ant
genus	Simopelta Mann, 1922	ant
species	Simopelta anomma Fernandes et al., 2015	ant
species	Simopelta jeckylli (Mann, 1916)	ant
genus	Thaumatomyrmex Mayr, 1887	ant
species	Thaumatomyrmex atrox Weber, 1939	ant
subfamily	Proceratiinae Emery, 1895	ant
genus	Discothyrea Roger, 1863	ant
species	Discothyrea denticulata Weber, 1939	ant
species	Discothyrea humilis Weber, 1939	ant
species	Discothyrea sexarticulata Borgmeier, 1954	ant
subfamily	Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952	ant
genus	Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex sp. 2	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex sp. 3	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)	ant
species	Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)	ant

Data set 1.

Column label	Column description
eventID	An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time).
eventDate	The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded.
eventTime	The time or interval during which an Event occurred.
habitat	A category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.
samplingProtocol	The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an Event.
samplingEffort	The amount of effort expended during an Event.
eventRemarks	Comments or notes about the Event.
sampleSizeUnit	The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
sampleSizeValue	A numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.
fieldNotes	The text of notes taken in the field about the Event.
continent	The name of the continent in which the Location occurs.
country	The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs
countryCode	The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs.
stateProvince	The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
county	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
locality	The specific description of the place.
locationRemarks	Comments or notes about the Location.
decimalLongitude	The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location.
decimalLatitude	The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location.
modified	The most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.
datasetName	The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.
type	A list of nomenclatural types.
language	A language of the resource.
institutionID	An identifier for the institution having custody of the material referred to in the record.
institutionCode	The acronym in use by the institution having custody of the material referred to in the record.
rightsHolder	The organization owning the rights over the resource.

Data set 2.

Column label	Column description
ID	An identifier for the Identification (an identifier specific to the data set).
type	A list of nomenclatural types.
modified	The most recent date-time on which the resource was changed.
language	A language of the resource.
license	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
rightsHolder	The organization owning the material rights over the resource.
institutionID	An identifier for the institution having custody of the material referred to in the record.
institutionCode	The acronym in use by the institution having custody of the material referred to in the record.
datasetName	The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.
basisOfRecord	The specific nature of the data record.
dynamicProperties	A list of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record.
occurrenceID	An identifier for the Occurrence.
recordNumber	An identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded.
recordedBy	A list of names of people responsible for recording the original Occurrence.
organismQuantity	A number for the quantity of organisms.
organismQuantityType	The type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
sex	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
lifeStage	The age class or life stage of the biological individual(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded.
reproductiveCondition	The reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence.
preparations	A list of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen.
disposition	The current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID.
eventID	An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time).
identifiedBy	A list of names of people who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
scientificName	An identifier for the nomenclatural details of a scientific name.
kingdom	The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.
phylum	The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.
class	The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.
order	The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.
family	The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.
genus	The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.
specificEpithet	The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.
taxonRank	The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName.
vernacularName	A common or vernacular name.