Signe Bruun1,2,3,4, Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen1, Xiaolei Ze5, Steffen Husby2,3,4, Hiroshi M Ueno6, Keisuke Nojiri6, Shunjiro Kobayashi6, Jungil Kwon7, Xihong Liu8, Shuyuan Yan9, Jiyeon Yang7, Gitte Zachariassen2,3,4, Liang Chen5, Wei Zhou10, Brian Christensen11, Esben S Sørensen11. 1. Strategic Business Unit Pediatric, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J. 2. Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital. 3. Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark. 4. OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. 5. Health Science Department, Biostime (Guangzhou) Health Products Ltd, Guangzhou, China. 6. Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan. 7. Human Milk Research and Development Department, Maeil Innovation Center, Maeil Dairies Co, Ltd., Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 8. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou. 9. Child Health Care Center, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha. 10. Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China. 11. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein expressed in many cell types, tissues and body fluids with the highest concentrations found in milk; significantly higher in human than in bovine milk. Intervention studies have indicated beneficial effects of supplementing infant formula with bovine OPN. In this multicenter study, we determined the OPN content in human milk samples from 629 Chinese, Danish, Japanese and Korean mothers. METHODS: At each study site, milk samples were collected and analyzed for OPN and protein concentration using ELISA and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 829 milk samples from 629 women were included. When delivering the first sample, mean maternal age was 31.4 years (SD 4.0), and median infant age was 13.4 weeks (interquartile range 4.6-17.9). The median OPN concentration varied across sites; from 99.7 mg/L in Danish, 185.0 mg/L in Japanese, 216.2 mg/L in Korean to 266.2 mg/L in Chinese mothers (P < 0.001), corresponding to 1.3%, 2.4%, 1.8% and 2.7% of the total protein content (OPN/protein%) (P < 0.05), respectively. Based on 75 Chinese and 33 Japanese mothers delivering more than 1 sample, multilevel (mixed model) linear regression analysis showed a decrease in OPN concentration with infant age (β = (-11.3), 95% confidence interval (CI) = (-13.9) to (-8.8) and β = (-2.1), 95% CI = (-3.2) to (-0.9), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicenter study, we observed statistically significant differences in the OPN concentration and the OPN/protein% in human milk samples between countries. Based on mothers delivering more than 1 sample, a significant decrease within the lactation period was observed.
OBJECTIVES:Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein expressed in many cell types, tissues and body fluids with the highest concentrations found in milk; significantly higher in human than in bovinemilk. Intervention studies have indicated beneficial effects of supplementing infant formula with bovineOPN. In this multicenter study, we determined the OPN content in humanmilk samples from 629 Chinese, Danish, Japanese and Korean mothers. METHODS: At each study site, milk samples were collected and analyzed for OPN and protein concentration using ELISA and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 829 milk samples from 629 women were included. When delivering the first sample, mean maternal age was 31.4 years (SD 4.0), and median infant age was 13.4 weeks (interquartile range 4.6-17.9). The median OPN concentration varied across sites; from 99.7 mg/L in Danish, 185.0 mg/L in Japanese, 216.2 mg/L in Korean to 266.2 mg/L in Chinese mothers (P < 0.001), corresponding to 1.3%, 2.4%, 1.8% and 2.7% of the total protein content (OPN/protein%) (P < 0.05), respectively. Based on 75 Chinese and 33 Japanese mothers delivering more than 1 sample, multilevel (mixed model) linear regression analysis showed a decrease in OPN concentration with infant age (β = (-11.3), 95% confidence interval (CI) = (-13.9) to (-8.8) and β = (-2.1), 95% CI = (-3.2) to (-0.9), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicenter study, we observed statistically significant differences in the OPN concentration and the OPN/protein% in humanmilk samples between countries. Based on mothers delivering more than 1 sample, a significant decrease within the lactation period was observed.
Authors: Dominique Turck; Jacqueline Castenmiller; Stefaan De Henauw; Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst; John Kearney; Alexandre Maciuk; Inge Mangelsdorf; Harry J McArdle; Androniki Naska; Carmen Pelaez; Kristina Pentieva; Alfonso Siani; Frank Thies; Sophia Tsabouri; Marco Vinceti; Francesco Cubadda; Thomas Frenzel; Marina Heinonen; Miguel Prieto Maradona; Rosangela Marchelli; Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold; Morten Poulsen; Josef Rudolf Schlatter; Henk van Loveren; Wolfgang Gelbmann; Helle Katrine Knutsen Journal: EFSA J Date: 2022-05-06