P T O'Brien1, P Evans2. 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK pto2@leicester.ac.uk. 2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Abstract
The dawn of the gravitational-wave (GW) era has sparked a greatly renewed interest into possible links between sources of high-energy radiation and GWs. The most luminous high-energy sources-gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)-have long been considered as very likely sources of GWs, particularly from short-duration GRBs, which are thought to originate from the merger of two compact objects such as binary neutron stars and a neutron star-black hole binary. In this paper, we discuss: (i) the high-energy emission from short-duration GRBs; (ii) what other sources of high-energy radiation may be observed from binary mergers; and (iii) how searches for high-energy electromagnetic counterparts to GW events are performed with current space facilities. While current high-energy facilities, such as Swift and Fermi, play a crucial role in the search for electromagnetic counterparts, new space missions will greatly enhance our capabilities for joint observations. We discuss why such facilities, which incorporate new technology that enables very wide-field X-ray imaging, are required if we are to truly exploit the multi-messenger era.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The promises of gravitational-wave astronomy'.
The dawn of the gravitational-wave (GW) era has sparked a greatly renewed interest into possible links between sources of high-energy radiation and GWs. The most luminous high-energy sources-gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)-have long been considered as very likely sources of GWs, particularly from short-duration GRBs, which are thought to originate from the merger of two compact objects such as binary neutron stars and a neutron star-black hole binary. In this paper, we discuss: (i) the high-energy emission from short-duration GRBs; (ii) what other sources of high-energy radiation may be observed from binary mergers; and (iii) how searches for high-energy electromagnetic counterparts to GW events are performed with current space facilities. While current high-energy facilities, such as Swift and Fermi, play a crucial role in the search for electromagnetic counterparts, new space missions will greatly enhance our capabilities for joint observations. We discuss why such facilities, which incorporate new technology that enables very wide-field X-ray imaging, are required if we are to truly exploit the multi-messenger era.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The promises of gravitational-wave astronomy'.
Authors: N R Tanvir; A J Levan; A S Fruchter; J Hjorth; R A Hounsell; K Wiersema; R L Tunnicliffe Journal: Nature Date: 2013-08-28 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; M R Abernathy; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; K Arai; M A Arain; M C Araya; C C Arceneaux; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; M A Barton; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; C Baune; V Bavigadda; M Bazzan; B Behnke; M Bejger; C Belczynski; A S Bell; C J Bell; B K Berger; J Bergman; G Bergmann; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; T P Bodiya; M Boer; G Bogaert; C Bogan; A Bohe; P Bojtos; C Bond; F Bondu; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; V B Braginsky; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; N M Brown; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; K C Cannon; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; L Cerboni Baiardi; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; R Chakraborty; T Chalermsongsak; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chassande-Mottin; H Y Chen; Y Chen; C Cheng; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; S Chua; S Chung; G Ciani; F Clara; J A Clark; F Cleva; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; A Colla; C G Collette; L Cominsky; M Constancio; A Conte; L Conti; D Cook; T R Corbitt; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; K Craig; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; A M Cruise; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; N S Darman; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; H P Daveloza; M Davier; G S Davies; E J Daw; R Day; S De; D DeBra; G Debreczeni; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; T Denker; T Dent; H Dereli; V Dergachev; R T DeRosa; R De Rosa; R DeSalvo; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; A Di Virgilio; G Dojcinoski; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; R Douglas; T P Downes; M Drago; R W P Drever; J C Driggers; Z Du; M Ducrot; S E Dwyer; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; W Engels; R C Essick; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; R Everett; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; Q Fang; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; M Favata; M Fays; H Fehrmann; M M Fejer; D Feldbaum; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; L S Finn; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; R P Fisher; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; J-D Fournier; S Franco; S Frasca; F Frasconi; M Frede; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; T T Fricke; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H A G Gabbard; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; S G Gaonkar; F Garufi; A Gatto; G Gaur; N Gehrels; G Gemme; B Gendre; E Genin; A Gennai; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; A Glaefke; J R Gleason; E Goetz; R Goetz; L Gondan; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; N A Gordon; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; C Graef; P B Graff; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; R J S Greenhalgh; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; G M Guidi; X Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; K E Gushwa; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; J J Hacker; B R Hall; E D Hall; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; J Hanson; T Hardwick; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; M J Hart; M T Hartman; C-J Haster; K Haughian; J Healy; J Heefner; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; G Heinzel; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; D Hoak; K A Hodge; D Hofman; S E Hollitt; K Holt; D E Holz; P Hopkins; D J Hosken; J Hough; E A Houston; E J Howell; Y M Hu; S Huang; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; A Idrisy; N Indik; D R Ingram; R Inta; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; G Islas; T Isogai; B R Iyer; K Izumi; M B Jacobson; T Jacqmin; H Jang; K Jani; P Jaranowski; S Jawahar; F Jiménez-Forteza; W W Johnson; N K Johnson-McDaniel; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; K Haris; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; S Kandhasamy; G Kang; J B Kanner; S Karki; M Kasprzack; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; T Kaur; K Kawabe; F Kawazoe; F Kéfélian; M S Kehl; D Keitel; D B Kelley; W Kells; R Kennedy; D G Keppel; J S Key; A Khalaidovski; F Y Khalili; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; N Kijbunchoo; C Kim; J Kim; K Kim; Nam-Gyu Kim; Namjun Kim; Y-M Kim; E J King; P J King; D L Kinzel; J S Kissel; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; S M Koehlenbeck; K Kokeyama; S Koley; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; S Koranda; M Korobko; W Z Korth; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; C Krueger; G Kuehn; P Kumar; R Kumar; L Kuo; A Kutynia; P Kwee; B D Lackey; M Landry; J Lange; B Lantz; P D Lasky; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; E O Lebigot; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; K Lee; A Lenon; M Leonardi; J R Leong; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; B M Levine; T G F Li; A Libson; T B Littenberg; N A Lockerbie; J Logue; A L Lombardi; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; H Lück; A P Lundgren; J Luo; R Lynch; Y Ma; T MacDonald; B Machenschalk; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; F Magaña-Sandoval; R M Magee; M Mageswaran; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; V Malvezzi; N Man; I Mandel; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; A S Markosyan; E Maros; F Martelli; L Martellini; I W Martin; R M Martin; D V Martynov; J N Marx; K Mason; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; G Mazzolo; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; S C McGuire; G McIntyre; J McIver; D J McManus; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; J Meidam; A Melatos; G Mendell; D Mendoza-Gandara; R A Mercer; E Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; P M Meyers; F Mezzani; H Miao; C Michel; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; J Miller; M Millhouse; Y Minenkov; J Ming; S Mirshekari; C Mishra; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; A Moggi; M Mohan; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; B C Moore; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S R Morriss; K Mossavi; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; C L Mueller; G Mueller; A W Muir; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; D J Murphy; P G Murray; A Mytidis; I Nardecchia; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; V Necula; K Nedkova; G Nelemans; M Neri; A Neunzert; G Newton; T T Nguyen; A B Nielsen; S Nissanke; A Nitz; F Nocera; D Nolting; M E N Normandin; L K Nuttall; J Oberling; E Ochsner; J O'Dell; E Oelker; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; F Ohme; M Oliver; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R O'Shaughnessy; C D Ott; D J Ottaway; R S Ottens; H Overmier; B J Owen; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; H Pan; Y Pan; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; H R Paris; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; B Patricelli; Z Patrick; B L Pearlstone; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; L Pekowsky; A Pele; S Penn; A Perreca; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; O Piccinni; M Pichot; M Pickenpack; F Piergiovanni; V Pierro; G Pillant; L Pinard; I M Pinto; M Pitkin; J H Poeld; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; A Post; J Powell; J Prasad; V Predoi; S S Premachandra; T Prestegard; L R Price; M Prijatelj; M Principe; S Privitera; R Prix; G A Prodi; L Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; J Qin; V Quetschke; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; D S Rabeling; H Radkins; P Raffai; S Raja; M Rakhmanov; C R Ramet; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; V Re; J Read; C M Reed; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; H Rew; S D Reyes; F Ricci; K Riles; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; J D Romano; R Romano; G Romanov; J H Romie; D Rosińska; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; L Sadeghian; L Salconi; M Saleem; F Salemi; A Samajdar; L Sammut; L M Sampson; E J Sanchez; V Sandberg; B Sandeen; G H Sanders; J R Sanders; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; P R Saulson; O Sauter; R L Savage; A Sawadsky; P Schale; R Schilling; J Schmidt; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; D Schuette; B F Schutz; J Scott; S M Scott; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; G Serna; Y Setyawati; A Sevigny; D A Shaddock; T Shaffer; S Shah; M S Shahriar; M Shaltev; Z Shao; B Shapiro; P Shawhan; A Sheperd; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; K Siellez; X Siemens; D Sigg; A D Silva; D Simakov; A Singer; L P Singer; A Singh; R Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; B J J Slagmolen; J R Smith; M R Smith; N D Smith; R J E Smith; E J Son; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; T Souradeep; A K Srivastava; A Staley; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; B C Stephens; S P Stevenson; R Stone; K A Strain; N Straniero; G Stratta; N A Strauss; S Strigin; R Sturani; A L Stuver; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; P J Sutton; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; D Talukder; D B Tanner; M Tápai; S P Tarabrin; A Taracchini; R Taylor; T Theeg; M P Thirugnanasambandam; E G Thomas; M Thomas; P Thomas; K A Thorne; K S Thorne; E Thrane; S Tiwari; V Tiwari; K V Tokmakov; C Tomlinson; M Tonelli; C V Torres; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; D Trifirò; M C Tringali; L Trozzo; M Tse; M Turconi; D Tuyenbayev; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; A L Urban; S A Usman; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; M Vallisneri; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; S Vass; M Vasúth; R Vaulin; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; S Vinciguerra; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; D Voss; W D Vousden; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; S J Waldman; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; M Wang; X Wang; Y Wang; H Ward; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; T Welborn; L Wen; P Weßels; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; S E Whitcomb; D J White; B F Whiting; K Wiesner; C Wilkinson; P A Willems; L Williams; R D Williams; 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Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; M R Abernathy; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; K Arai; M C Araya; C C Arceneaux; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; C Baune; V Bavigadda; M Bazzan; M Bejger; A S Bell; B K Berger; G Bergmann; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; M Boer; G Bogaert; C Bogan; A Bohe; C Bond; F Bondu; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; V B Braginsky; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; J E Broida; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; N M Brown; S Brunett; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; K C Cannon; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; L Cerboni Baiardi; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chassande-Mottin; B D Cheeseboro; H Y Chen; Y Chen; C Cheng; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; S Chua; S Chung; G Ciani; F Clara; J A Clark; F Cleva; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; A Colla; C G Collette; L Cominsky; M Constancio; A Conte; L Conti; D Cook; T R Corbitt; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; K Craig; J D E Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; N S Darman; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; G S Davies; E J Daw; R Day; S De; D DeBra; G Debreczeni; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; T Denker; T Dent; V Dergachev; R De Rosa; R T DeRosa; R DeSalvo; R C Devine; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; A Di Virgilio; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; R Douglas; T P Downes; M Drago; R W P Drever; J C Driggers; M Ducrot; S E Dwyer; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; W Engels; R C Essick; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; R Everett; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; Q Fang; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; M Favata; M Fays; H Fehrmann; M M Fejer; E Fenyvesi; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; R P Fisher; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H A G Gabbard; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; S G Gaonkar; F Garufi; G Gaur; N Gehrels; G Gemme; P Geng; E Genin; A Gennai; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; A Glaefke; E Goetz; R Goetz; L Gondan; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; N A Gordon; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; P B Graff; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; G M Guidi; X Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; K E Gushwa; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; J J Hacker; B R Hall; E D Hall; H Hamilton; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; 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J Kim; K Kim; N Kim; W Kim; Y-M Kim; S J Kimbrell; E J King; P J King; J S Kissel; B Klein; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; S M Koehlenbeck; S Koley; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; M Korobko; W Z Korth; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; C Krueger; G Kuehn; P Kumar; R Kumar; L Kuo; A Kutynia; B D Lackey; M Landry; J Lange; B Lantz; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; E O Lebigot; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; K Lee; A Lenon; M Leonardi; J R Leong; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; J B Lewis; T G F Li; A Libson; T B Littenberg; N A Lockerbie; A L Lombardi; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; H Lück; A P Lundgren; R Lynch; Y Ma; B Machenschalk; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; F Magaña-Sandoval; L Magaña Zertuche; R M Magee; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; V Malvezzi; N Man; I Mandel; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; A S Markosyan; E Maros; F Martelli; L Martellini; I W Martin; D V Martynov; J N Marx; K Mason; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; S C McGuire; G McIntyre; J McIver; D J McManus; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; J Meidam; A Melatos; G Mendell; R A Mercer; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; F Mezzani; H Miao; C Michel; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; A Miller; B B Miller; J Miller; M Millhouse; Y Minenkov; J Ming; S Mirshekari; C Mishra; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; A Moggi; M Mohan; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; B C Moore; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S R Morriss; K Mossavi; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; G Mueller; A W Muir; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; D J Murphy; P G Murray; A Mytidis; I Nardecchia; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; K Nedkova; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Neri; A Neunzert; G Newton; T T Nguyen; A B Nielsen; S Nissanke; A Nitz; F Nocera; D Nolting; M E N Normandin; L K Nuttall; J Oberling; E Ochsner; J O'Dell; E Oelker; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; F Ohme; M Oliver; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R O'Shaughnessy; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; H Pan; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; H R Paris; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; B Patricelli; Z Patrick; B L Pearlstone; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; L Pekowsky; A Pele; S Penn; A Perreca; L M Perri; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; V Pierro; G Pillant; L Pinard; I M Pinto; M Pitkin; M Poe; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; A Post; J Powell; J Prasad; V Predoi; T Prestegard; L R Price; M Prijatelj; M Principe; S Privitera; R Prix; G A Prodi; L Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; J Qin; S Qiu; V Quetschke; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; D S Rabeling; H Radkins; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; M Rakhmanov; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; V Re; J Read; C M Reed; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; H Rew; S D Reyes; F Ricci; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; J D Romano; R Romano; G Romanov; J H Romie; D Rosińska; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; L Sadeghian; M Sakellariadou; L Salconi; M Saleem; F Salemi; A Samajdar; L Sammut; E J Sanchez; V Sandberg; B Sandeen; J R Sanders; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; P R Saulson; O E S Sauter; R L Savage; A Sawadsky; P Schale; R Schilling; J Schmidt; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; D Schuette; B F Schutz; J Scott; S M Scott; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; Y Setyawati; D A Shaddock; T Shaffer; M S Shahriar; M Shaltev; B Shapiro; P Shawhan; A Sheperd; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; K Siellez; X Siemens; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; 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J V van Heijningen; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; S Vass; M Vasúth; R Vaulin; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; S Vinciguerra; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; D V Voss; W D Vousden; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; M Wang; X Wang; Y Wang; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; L Wen; P Weßels; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; B F Whiting; R D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J Worden; J L Wright; D S Wu; G Wu; J Yablon; W Yam; H Yamamoto; C C Yancey; H Yu; M Yvert; A Zadrożny; L Zangrando; M Zanolin; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; L Zhang; M Zhang; Y Zhang; C Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; X J Zhu; M E Zucker; S E Zuraw; J Zweizig; M Boyle; D Hemberger; L E Kidder; G Lovelace; S Ossokine; M Scheel; B Szilagyi; S Teukolsky Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2016-06-15 Impact factor: 9.161
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Afrough; B Agarwal; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; G Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; A Amato; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; S V Angelova; S Antier; S Appert; K Arai; M C Araya; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; D V Atallah; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; K AultONeal; C Austin; A Avila-Alvarez; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; S Bae; M Bailes; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; S Banagiri; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; K Barkett; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; S D Barthelmy; J Bartlett; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; M Bawaj; J C Bayley; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; C Beer; M Bejger; I Belahcene; A S Bell; B K Berger; G Bergmann; S Bernuzzi; J J Bero; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; 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J Z Wang; W H Wang; Y F Wang; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; L Wen; E K Wessel; P Weßels; J Westerweck; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; S E Whitcomb; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D Wilken; D Williams; R D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J Wofford; K W K Wong; J Worden; J L Wright; D S Wu; D M Wysocki; S Xiao; H Yamamoto; C C Yancey; L Yang; M J Yap; M Yazback; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; M Yvert; A Zadrożny; M Zanolin; T Zelenova; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; L Zhang; M Zhang; T Zhang; Y-H Zhang; C Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; S J Zhu; X J Zhu; A B Zimmerman; M E Zucker; J Zweizig Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2017-10-16 Impact factor: 9.161