BACKGROUND: Traumatic stressors during childhood and adolescence are associated with psychopathology, mostly studied in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We investigated broader associations of traumatic stress exposure with psychopathology and cognition in a youth community sample. METHODS: The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 9498) is an investigation of clinical and neurobehavioral phenotypes in a diverse (56% Caucasian, 33% African American, 11% other) US youth community population (aged 8-21). Participants were ascertained through children's hospital pediatric (not psychiatric) healthcare network in 2009-2011. Structured psychiatric evaluation included screening for lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors, and a neurocognitive battery was administered. RESULTS: Exposure rate to traumatic stressful events was high (none, N = 5204; one, N = 2182; two, N = 1092; three or more, N = 830). Higher stress load was associated with increased psychopathology across all clinical domains evaluated: mood/anxiety (standardized β = .378); psychosis spectrum (β = .360); externalizing behaviors (β = .311); and fear (β = .256) (controlling for covariates, all p < 0.001). Associations remained significant controlling for lifetime PTSD and depression. Exposure to high-stress load was robustly associated with suicidal ideation and cannabis use (odds ratio compared with non-exposed 5.3 and 3.2, respectively, both p < 0.001). Among youths who experienced traumatic stress (N = 4104), history of assaultive trauma was associated with greater psychopathology and, in males, vulnerability to psychosis and externalizing symptoms. Stress load was negatively associated with performance on executive functioning, complex reasoning, and social cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic stress exposure in community non-psychiatric help-seeking youth is substantial, and is associated with more severe psychopathology and neurocognitive deficits across domains, beyond PTSD and depression.
BACKGROUND:Traumatic stressors during childhood and adolescence are associated with psychopathology, mostly studied in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We investigated broader associations of traumatic stress exposure with psychopathology and cognition in a youth community sample. METHODS: The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 9498) is an investigation of clinical and neurobehavioral phenotypes in a diverse (56% Caucasian, 33% African American, 11% other) US youth community population (aged 8-21). Participants were ascertained through children's hospital pediatric (not psychiatric) healthcare network in 2009-2011. Structured psychiatric evaluation included screening for lifetime exposure to traumatic stressors, and a neurocognitive battery was administered. RESULTS: Exposure rate to traumatic stressful events was high (none, N = 5204; one, N = 2182; two, N = 1092; three or more, N = 830). Higher stress load was associated with increased psychopathology across all clinical domains evaluated: mood/anxiety (standardized β = .378); psychosis spectrum (β = .360); externalizing behaviors (β = .311); and fear (β = .256) (controlling for covariates, all p < 0.001). Associations remained significant controlling for lifetime PTSD and depression. Exposure to high-stress load was robustly associated with suicidal ideation and cannabis use (odds ratio compared with non-exposed 5.3 and 3.2, respectively, both p < 0.001). Among youths who experienced traumatic stress (N = 4104), history of assaultive trauma was associated with greater psychopathology and, in males, vulnerability to psychosis and externalizing symptoms. Stress load was negatively associated with performance on executive functioning, complex reasoning, and social cognition. CONCLUSIONS:Traumatic stress exposure in community non-psychiatric help-seeking youth is substantial, and is associated with more severe psychopathology and neurocognitive deficits across domains, beyond PTSD and depression.
Authors: Mackenzie S Mills; Christine M Embury; Alicia K Klanecky; Maya M Khanna; Vince D Calhoun; Julia M Stephen; Yu-Ping Wang; Tony W Wilson; Amy S Badura-Brack Journal: J Child Adolesc Trauma Date: 2019-08-19
Authors: Amy S. Badura-Brack; Mackenzie S. Mills; Christine M. Embury; Maya M. Khanna; Alicia Klanecky Earl; Julia M. Stephen; Yu-Ping Wang; Vince D. Calhoun; Tony W. Wilson Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 2020-07-01 Impact factor: 6.186
Authors: Raquel E Gur; Tyler M Moore; Adon F G Rosen; Ran Barzilay; David R Roalf; Monica E Calkins; Kosha Ruparel; J Cobb Scott; Laura Almasy; Theodore D Satterthwaite; Russell T Shinohara; Ruben C Gur Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2019-09-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Jason D Jones; Rhonda C Boyd; Monica E Calkins; Annisa Ahmed; Tyler M Moore; Ran Barzilay; Tami D Benton; Raquel E Gur Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2019-01-14 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Lotta-Katrin Pries; Jim van Os; Margreet Ten Have; Ron de Graaf; Saskia van Dorsselaer; Maarten Bak; Bochao D Lin; Kristel R van Eijk; Gunter Kenis; Alexander Richards; Michael C O'Donovan; Jurjen J Luykx; Bart P F Rutten; Sinan Guloksuz Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-12-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Jerome H Taylor; Nana Asabere; Monica E Calkins; Tyler M Moore; Sunny X Tang; Rose Mary Xavier; Alison K Merikangas; Daniel H Wolf; Laura Almasy; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2019-12-26 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Ran Barzilay; Lauren K White; Monica E Calkins; Tyler M Moore; Jami F Young; Daniel H Wolf; Theodore D Satterthwaite; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur Journal: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging Date: 2018-06-22