Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Peritrich Ciliate Epibionts on Pelagic Diatoms: Vorticella oceanica and Pseudovorticella coscinodisci sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia).

Consortia of the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica and the planktonic diatom Chaetoceros coarctactus are reported from the South Atlantic Ocean. The morphologies of the constituent species were similar to their counterparts from other geographical regions, revealing a widespread distribution in tropical waters. Besides, we describe Pseudovorticella coscinodisci sp. nov. that lives on Coscinodiscus wailesii and other pelagic diatoms off Brazil. The zooids were 34-45μm long, and 19-30μm wide with a stalk too short to coil. The cell surface showed a reticulate pellicle with 18-19 and 11-12 rows above and below the aboral ciliary wreath, respectively. In the SSU rDNA phylogeny V. oceanica clustered between the clades of Vorticella and Pseudovorticella/Epicarchesium, and Pseudovorticella coscinodisci sp. nov. clustered as a sister group of Pseudovorticella paracratera and P. sinensis. The V. oceanica-C. coarctactus consortium likely represents an obligate species-specific mutualistic symbiosis as the constituents are not known as free-living forms. In contrast, the diatom hosts are known as free-living forms in the consortia of Pseudovorticella coscinodisci. The new molecular data and species description will be valuable dataset for future research on the diversity and ecological significance of ciliate-diatom epibiotic consortia.