Regina Célia de Menezes Succi1. 1. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Curso de Medicina, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: succi@picture.com.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Opposition to vaccines is not a new event, and appeared soon after the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century. The purpose of this review is to educate healthcare professionals about vaccine hesitancy and refusal, its causes and consequences, and make suggestions to address this challenge. SOURCE OF DATA: A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and ScieLo databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms "vaccine refusal," "vaccine hesitancy," and "vaccine confidence." The publications considered as the most relevant by the author were critically selected. SYNTHESIS OF DATA: The beliefs and arguments of the anti-vaccine movements have remained unchanged in the past two centuries, but new social media has facilitated the dissemination of information against vaccines. Studies on the subject have intensified after 2010, but the author did not retrieve any published studies to quantify this behavior in Brazil. The nomenclature on the subject (vaccine hesitancy) was standardized by the World Health Organization in 2012. Discussions have been carried out on the possible causes of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, as well as on the behavior of families and health professionals. Proposals for interventions to decrease public doubts, clarify myths, and improve confidence in vaccines have been made. Guides for the health care professional to face the problem are emerging. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare professional is a key element to transmit information, resolve doubts and increase confidence in vaccines. They must be prepared to face this new challenge.
OBJECTIVE: Opposition to vaccines is not a new event, and appeared soon after the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century. The purpose of this review is to educate healthcare professionals about vaccine hesitancy and refusal, its causes and consequences, and make suggestions to address this challenge. SOURCE OF DATA: A comprehensive and non-systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, and ScieLo databases from 1980 to the present day, using the terms "vaccine refusal," "vaccine hesitancy," and "vaccine confidence." The publications considered as the most relevant by the author were critically selected. SYNTHESIS OF DATA: The beliefs and arguments of the anti-vaccine movements have remained unchanged in the past two centuries, but new social media has facilitated the dissemination of information against vaccines. Studies on the subject have intensified after 2010, but the author did not retrieve any published studies to quantify this behavior in Brazil. The nomenclature on the subject (vaccine hesitancy) was standardized by the World Health Organization in 2012. Discussions have been carried out on the possible causes of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, as well as on the behavior of families and health professionals. Proposals for interventions to decrease public doubts, clarify myths, and improve confidence in vaccines have been made. Guides for the health care professional to face the problem are emerging. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare professional is a key element to transmit information, resolve doubts and increase confidence in vaccines. They must be prepared to face this new challenge.
Authors: Alberto E Paniz-Mondolfi; Adriana Tami; Maria E Grillet; Marilianna Márquez; Juan Hernández-Villena; María A Escalona-Rodríguez; Gabriela M Blohm; Isis Mejías; Huníades Urbina-Medina; Alejandro Rísquez; Julio Castro; Ana Carvajal; Carlos Walter; María G López; Philipp Schwabl; Luis Hernández-Castro; Michael A Miles; Peter J Hotez; John Lednicky; J Glenn Morris; James Crainey; Sergio Luz; Juan D Ramírez; Emilia Sordillo; Martin Llewellyn; Merari Canache; María Araque; José Oletta Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2019-04-17 Impact factor: 6.883
Authors: Joel Henrique Ellwanger; Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga; Valéria de Lima Kaminski; Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas; Abner Willian Quintino de Freitas; José Artur Bogo Chies Journal: Genet Mol Biol Date: 2021-01-29 Impact factor: 1.771