BACKGROUND: Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes rare, but often severe, disease in humans. POWV neuroinvasive disease was added to the U.S. nationally notifiable disease list in 2001 and nonneuroinvasive disease was added in 2004. The only previous review of the epidemiology of POWV disease in the United States based on cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) covered the period from 1999 through 2005. METHODS: We describe the epidemiology and clinical features of laboratory-confirmed POWV disease cases reported to CDC from 2006 through 2016. RESULTS: There were 99 cases of POWV disease reported during the 11-year period, including 89 neuroinvasive and 10 nonneuroinvasive disease cases. There was a median of seven cases per year (range: 1-22), with the highest numbers of cases reported in 2011 (n = 16), 2013 (n = 15), and 2016 (n = 22). Cases occurred throughout the year, but peaked in May and June. Cases were reported primarily from northeastern and north-central states. Overall, 72 (73%) cases were in males and the median age was 62 years (range: 3 months-87 years). Of the 11 (11%) cases who died, all were aged >50 years. The average annual incidence of neuroinvasive POWV disease was 0.0025 cases per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSIONS: POWV disease can be a severe disease and has been diagnosed with increased frequency in recent years. However, this might reflect increased disease awareness, improved test availability, and enhanced surveillance efforts. Clinicians should consider POWV disease in patients presenting with acute encephalitis or aseptic meningitis who are resident in, or have traveled to, an appropriate geographic region.
BACKGROUND:Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes rare, but often severe, disease in humans. POWV neuroinvasive disease was added to the U.S. nationally notifiable disease list in 2001 and nonneuroinvasive disease was added in 2004. The only previous review of the epidemiology of POWV disease in the United States based on cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) covered the period from 1999 through 2005. METHODS: We describe the epidemiology and clinical features of laboratory-confirmed POWV disease cases reported to CDC from 2006 through 2016. RESULTS: There were 99 cases of POWV disease reported during the 11-year period, including 89 neuroinvasive and 10 nonneuroinvasive disease cases. There was a median of seven cases per year (range: 1-22), with the highest numbers of cases reported in 2011 (n = 16), 2013 (n = 15), and 2016 (n = 22). Cases occurred throughout the year, but peaked in May and June. Cases were reported primarily from northeastern and north-central states. Overall, 72 (73%) cases were in males and the median age was 62 years (range: 3 months-87 years). Of the 11 (11%) cases who died, all were aged >50 years. The average annual incidence of neuroinvasive POWV disease was 0.0025 cases per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSIONS:POWV disease can be a severe disease and has been diagnosed with increased frequency in recent years. However, this might reflect increased disease awareness, improved test availability, and enhanced surveillance efforts. Clinicians should consider POWV disease in patients presenting with acute encephalitis or aseptic meningitis who are resident in, or have traveled to, an appropriate geographic region.
Entities:
Keywords:
Powassan; United States; arboviral disease; encephalitis
Authors: Steven R Hinten; Geoffrey A Beckett; Kathleen F Gensheimer; Elizabeth Pritchard; Thomas M Courtney; Stephen D Sears; John M Woytowicz; David G Preston; Robert P Smith; Peter W Rand; Eleanor H Lacombe; Mary S Holman; Charles B Lubelczyk; Patsy Tassler Kelso; Andrew P Beelen; Mary Grace Stobierski; Mark J Sotir; Susan Wong; Gregory Ebel; Olga Kosoy; Joseph Piesman; Grant L Campbell; Anthony A Marfin Journal: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Date: 2008-12 Impact factor: 2.133
Authors: Carolyn A Reimann; Edward B Hayes; Carolyn DiGuiseppi; Richard Hoffman; Jennifer A Lehman; Nicole P Lindsey; Grant L Campbell; Marc Fischer Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2008-12 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Anne Piantadosi; Daniel B Rubin; Daniel P McQuillen; Liangge Hsu; Philip A Lederer; Cameron D Ashbaugh; Chad Duffalo; Robert Duncan; Jesse Thon; Shamik Bhattacharyya; Nesli Basgoz; Steven K Feske; Jennifer L Lyons Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2015-12-13 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Grace M Vahey; Nicolette Wilson; Emily McDonald; Kelly Fitzpatrick; Jennifer Lehman; Sandhya Clark; Kristine Lindell; Daniel M Pastula; Stephen Perez; Heather Rhodes; Carolyn V Gould; J Erin Staples; Kim Cervantes; Stacey W Martin Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2022-01-17 Impact factor: 3.835
Authors: J Erin Staples; Daniel M Pastula; Amanda J Panella; Ingrid B Rabe; Olga I Kosoy; William L Walker; Jason O Velez; Amy J Lambert; Marc Fischer Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2020-04-11 Impact factor: 3.835
Authors: Jeffrey M Grabowski; Olof R Nilsson; Elizabeth R Fischer; Dan Long; Danielle K Offerdahl; Yoonseong Park; Dana P Scott; Marshall E Bloom Journal: mBio Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 7.867
Authors: Meghan E Hermance; Charles E Hart; Allen T Esterly; Erin S Reynolds; Jahnavi R Bhaskar; Saravanan Thangamani Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2020-06-15
Authors: Emily J Curren; Jennifer Lehman; Jonathan Kolsin; William L Walker; Stacey W Martin; J Erin Staples; Susan L Hills; Carolyn V Gould; Ingrid B Rabe; Marc Fischer; Nicole P Lindsey Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2018-10-19 Impact factor: 17.586