Changes in atrial natriuretic factor during preload reduction with nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure.

Nine patients with congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association class II-III, were evaluated with right heart catheterization. Plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was determined in blood samples from the pulmonary artery simultaneously with recordings of right atrial, pulmonary arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge and systemic arterial pressures and heart rate during preload reduction with 0.5 mg nitroglycerin sublingually. Basal plasma ANF levels were higher in patients with congestive heart failure compared to normal controls, and correlated to right atrial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. After nitroglycerin all patients had reductions in right atrial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and a simultaneous decrease in plasma ANF concentrations, reaching lowest values after 10 min. Central pressures and plasma ANF rose to baseline values within 30 min. After nitroglycerin plasma ANF concentrations correlated to pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, while changes in plasma ANF correlated to changes in right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures. These results provide further evidence that ANF is released by a pressure-sensitive mechanism and demonstrates that ANF secretion in relation to central pressure variations is preserved in patients with congestive heart failure and that the response is rapid.