Sofia Sederholm Lawesson1, Rose-Marie Isaksson2, Ingela Thylén3, Maria Ericsson4, Karin Ängerud5, Eva Swahn6. 1. Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: Sofia.Lawesson@liu.se. 2. Department of Research, Norrbotten County Council, Luleå, Sweden; Division of Nursing Sciences, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: rose-marie.isaksson@norrbotten.se. 3. Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: ingela.thylen@regionostergotland.se. 4. Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: maria.eriksson@regionostergotland.se. 5. Cardiology, Heart Centre, Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: karin.hellstrom.angerud@umu.se. 6. Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: eva.swahn@liu.se.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Symptom presentation has been sparsely studied from a gender perspective restricting the inclusion to ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Correct symptom recognition is vital in order to promptly seek care in STEMI where fast reperfusion therapy is of utmost importance. Female gender has been found associated with atypical presentation in studies on mixed MI populations but it is unclear whether this is valid also in STEMI. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether there are gender differences in symptoms and interpretation of these in STEMI, and if this is attributable to sociodemographic and clinical factors. METHODS: SymTime was a multicenter observational study including a validated questionnaire and data from medical records. Eligible STEMI patients (n = 532) were enrolled within 24 h after admittance at five Swedish hospitals. RESULTS: Women were older, more often single and had lower educational level. Chest pain was less prevalent in women (74 vs 93%, p < 0.001), whereas shoulder (33 vs 15%, p < 0.001), throat/neck (34 vs 18%, p < 0.001), back pain (29 versus 12%, p < 0.001) and nausea (49 vs 29%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent. Women less often interpreted their symptoms as of cardiac origin (60 vs 69%, p = 0.04). Female gender was the strongest independent predictor of non-chest pain presentation, odds ratio 5.29, 95% confidence interval 2.85-9.80. CONCLUSIONS: A striking gender difference in STEMI symptoms was found. As women significantly misinterpreted their symptoms more often, it is vital when informing about MI to the society or to high risk individuals, to highlight also other symptoms than just chest pain.
BACKGROUND: Symptom presentation has been sparsely studied from a gender perspective restricting the inclusion to ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Correct symptom recognition is vital in order to promptly seek care in STEMI where fast reperfusion therapy is of utmost importance. Female gender has been found associated with atypical presentation in studies on mixed MI populations but it is unclear whether this is valid also in STEMI. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether there are gender differences in symptoms and interpretation of these in STEMI, and if this is attributable to sociodemographic and clinical factors. METHODS: SymTime was a multicenter observational study including a validated questionnaire and data from medical records. Eligible STEMI patients (n = 532) were enrolled within 24 h after admittance at five Swedish hospitals. RESULTS:Women were older, more often single and had lower educational level. Chest pain was less prevalent in women (74 vs 93%, p < 0.001), whereas shoulder (33 vs 15%, p < 0.001), throat/neck (34 vs 18%, p < 0.001), back pain (29 versus 12%, p < 0.001) and nausea (49 vs 29%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent. Women less often interpreted their symptoms as of cardiac origin (60 vs 69%, p = 0.04). Female gender was the strongest independent predictor of non-chest pain presentation, odds ratio 5.29, 95% confidence interval 2.85-9.80. CONCLUSIONS: A striking gender difference in STEMI symptoms was found. As women significantly misinterpreted their symptoms more often, it is vital when informing about MI to the society or to high risk individuals, to highlight also other symptoms than just chest pain.
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