Angela Moh1, Kumari Neelam2, Xiao Zhang1, Chee Fang Sum3, Subramaniam Tavintharan1,3, Keven Ang1, Simon Biing Ming Lee4, Wern Ee Tang4, Su Chi Lim1,3,5. 1. a Clinical Research Unit , Khoo Teck Puat Hospital , Singapore. 2. b Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Khoo Teck Puat Hospital , Singapore. 3. c Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre , Khoo Teck Puat Hospital , Singapore. 4. d National Healthcare Group Polyclinics , Singapore. 5. e Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Hospital , Singapore.
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic microvascular complication, and it typically develops after 10 years of diabetes diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adiposity and DR susceptibility among individuals with longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, DR was assessed by fundus photography in 953 T2D subjects. DR prevalence by categories of T2D duration was evaluated. In a sub-cohort analysis, subjects having T2D for ≥10 years were divided into DR (N = 241) and non-DR (N = 377) groups. Measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat area (VFA) were analyzed. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured. RESULTS: DR prevalence markedly increased 10 years after T2D diagnosis (p < 0.001). Among subjects with T2D duration ≥10 years, BMI, WC, and VFA were elevated in DR compared with non-DR (all p < 0.05). Contrasting with BMI and WC, the association between VFA and DR sustained adjustment for demographics, metabolic factors, and insulin treatment (OR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.004-1.119, p = 0.035). However, the association became insignificant after controlling for ACR and eGFR. Mediation analysis revealed that ACR and eGFR explained 47.3% of the relationship between VFA and DR. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that visceral adiposity is associated with DR in individuals with longstanding T2D. This relationship may be attributable to generalized vascular injury as reflected by coexisting renal burden. Therefore, effective management of visceral adiposity and ameliorating renal burden may ameliorate susceptibility to DR.
Purpose/Aim: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic microvascular complication, and it typically develops after 10 years of diabetes diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adiposity and DR susceptibility among individuals with longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, DR was assessed by fundus photography in 953 T2D subjects. DR prevalence by categories of T2D duration was evaluated. In a sub-cohort analysis, subjects having T2D for ≥10 years were divided into DR (N = 241) and non-DR (N = 377) groups. Measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat area (VFA) were analyzed. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured. RESULTS: DR prevalence markedly increased 10 years after T2D diagnosis (p < 0.001). Among subjects with T2D duration ≥10 years, BMI, WC, and VFA were elevated in DR compared with non-DR (all p < 0.05). Contrasting with BMI and WC, the association between VFA and DR sustained adjustment for demographics, metabolic factors, and insulin treatment (OR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.004-1.119, p = 0.035). However, the association became insignificant after controlling for ACR and eGFR. Mediation analysis revealed that ACR and eGFR explained 47.3% of the relationship between VFA and DR. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that visceral adiposity is associated with DR in individuals with longstanding T2D. This relationship may be attributable to generalized vascular injury as reflected by coexisting renal burden. Therefore, effective management of visceral adiposity and ameliorating renal burden may ameliorate susceptibility to DR.
Authors: Eun Sil Koh; Kyung Do Han; Mee Kyoung Kim; Eun Sook Kim; Min-Kyung Lee; Ga Eun Nam; Hyuk-Sang Kwon Journal: Korean J Intern Med Date: 2021-05-13 Impact factor: 2.884
Authors: Jian-Bo Zhou; Jing Yuan; Xing-Yao Tang; Wei Zhao; Fu-Qiang Luo; Lu Bai; Bei Li; Jia Cong; Lu Qi; Jin-Kui Yang Journal: J Int Med Res Date: 2019-09-23 Impact factor: 1.671