Innocenzo Rainero1, Flora Govone2, Annalisa Gai2, Alessandro Vacca2, Elisa Rubino2. 1. Neurology I, Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy. innocenzo.rainero@unito.it. 2. Neurology I, Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The goals of this review are to evaluate recent studies regarding comorbidity between migraine and different metabolic and endocrine disorders and to discuss the role of insulin resistance as a common pathogenetic mechanism of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, several studies showed that migraine is associated with insulin resistance, a condition in which a normal amount of insulin induces a suboptimal physiological response. All the clinical studies that used the oral glucose tolerance test to examine insulin sensitivity found that, after glucose load, there is in migraine patients a significant increase of both plasmatic insulin and glucose concentrations in comparison with controls. On the contrary, no association was found between migraine and type 2 diabetes, while type 1 diabetes seems to have a protective effect in the disease. Obesity and hypertension were shown to be risk factors for both episodic and chronic migraine. Metabolic syndrome has been recently associated mainly with migraine with aura and is now considered a risk factor also for medication overuse headache. Finally, a bidirectional association between migraine and hypothyroidism has been recently demonstrated, suggesting that common genetic or autoimmune mechanisms underlie both diseases. Recent studies showed that insulin receptor signaling and the related physiological responses are altered in migraine and may have a relevant pathogenic role in the disease. Further studies are warranted in order to better elucidate mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in migraine in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disease.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The goals of this review are to evaluate recent studies regarding comorbidity between migraine and different metabolic and endocrine disorders and to discuss the role of insulin resistance as a common pathogenetic mechanism of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, several studies showed that migraine is associated with insulin resistance, a condition in which a normal amount of insulin induces a suboptimal physiological response. All the clinical studies that used the oral glucose tolerance test to examine insulin sensitivity found that, after glucose load, there is in migrainepatients a significant increase of both plasmatic insulin and glucose concentrations in comparison with controls. On the contrary, no association was found between migraine and type 2 diabetes, while type 1 diabetes seems to have a protective effect in the disease. Obesity and hypertension were shown to be risk factors for both episodic and chronic migraine. Metabolic syndrome has been recently associated mainly with migraine with aura and is now considered a risk factor also for medication overuse headache. Finally, a bidirectional association between migraine and hypothyroidism has been recently demonstrated, suggesting that common genetic or autoimmune mechanisms underlie both diseases. Recent studies showed that insulin receptor signaling and the related physiological responses are altered in migraine and may have a relevant pathogenic role in the disease. Further studies are warranted in order to better elucidate mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in migraine in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disease.
Authors: Soulmaz Fazeli Farsani; Patrick C Souverein; Marja M J van der Vorst; Catherijne A J Knibbe; Anthonius de Boer; Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse Journal: Arch Dis Child Date: 2015-04-15 Impact factor: 3.791
Authors: Jennifer L Dearborn; Andrea L C Schneider; Rebecca F Gottesman; Tobias Kurth; James S Pankow; David J Couper; Kathryn M Rose; Michelle A Williams; B Lee Peterlin Journal: Neurology Date: 2014-11-05 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Christian Netzer; Jan Freudenberg; Axel Heinze; Katja Heinze-Kuhn; Ingrid Goebel; Linda C McCarthy; Allen D Roses; Hartmut Göbel; Unda Todt; Christian Kubisch Journal: Genomics Date: 2008-05-02 Impact factor: 5.736
Authors: Andrew T Martin; Susan M Pinney; Changchun Xie; Robert L Herrick; Yun Bai; Jeanette Buckholz; Vincent T Martin Journal: Headache Date: 2016-09-27 Impact factor: 5.887
Authors: Katherine M Siewert; Derek Klarin; Scott M Damrauer; Kyong-Mi Chang; Philip S Tsao; Themistocles L Assimes; George Davey Smith; Benjamin F Voight Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Aster V E Harder; Lisanne S Vijfhuizen; Peter Henneman; Ko Willems van Dijk; Cornelia M van Duijn; Gisela M Terwindt; Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg Journal: J Headache Pain Date: 2021-11-24 Impact factor: 7.277
Authors: Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla; Linda Al-Hassany; Carlos M Villalón; Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2021-06-09 Impact factor: 4.003