Jin Suk Byun1, Kun Hwang2, Sang Yun Lee1, Jae Min Song1, Hun Kim2. 1. S Leaders Aesthetic Surgical Clinic, Daegu, South Korea. 2. Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to characterize the histology of the sideburn and cheek area and to measure the force required to pull the superficial fascia (SF) of Asians in facelift procedures. METHODS: The hemiface of a formalin-fixed Korean male adult cadaver (77 years old) was used to study the histology of the sideburn and cheek area. In 42 patients during facelift procedures, the force needed to pull the overlying skin at the midpoint between the sideburn and nasolabial fold 2 mm was measured using a tensiometer. RESULTS: In the cheek, the superficial fatty layer of the superficial fascia (SFS) was found to maintain its thickness throughout the region between the dermis and the membranous layer of the superficial fascia (MSF). The MSF was continuous with the superficial temporal fascia (STF). In the sideburn, the MSF and parotid fascia closely adhered to each other. The force required to move the overlying skin 2 mm when pulling the MSF (10.27 ± 3.64 N) was more than twice as great (217%) as the force required when pulling the SFS (4.73 ± 2.15 N; P < .001). The forces required when pulling the MSF and SFS to move the overlying skin 2 mm were significantly greater in the sideburn area (11.56 ± 3.37 N and 5.52 ± 2.08 N, respectively) than in the cheek area (8.97 ± 3.43 N and 5.52 ± 2.08 N, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION: When lifting the SF at the cheek or sideburn area, lifting the SFS requires less tension than MSF to move the overlying skin. In the cheek area, less tension is needed to move the overlying skin than in the sideburn area.
PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to characterize the histology of the sideburn and cheek area and to measure the force required to pull the superficial fascia (SF) of Asians in facelift procedures. METHODS: The hemiface of a formalin-fixed Korean male adult cadaver (77 years old) was used to study the histology of the sideburn and cheek area. In 42 patients during facelift procedures, the force needed to pull the overlying skin at the midpoint between the sideburn and nasolabial fold 2 mm was measured using a tensiometer. RESULTS: In the cheek, the superficial fatty layer of the superficial fascia (SFS) was found to maintain its thickness throughout the region between the dermis and the membranous layer of the superficial fascia (MSF). The MSF was continuous with the superficial temporal fascia (STF). In the sideburn, the MSF and parotid fascia closely adhered to each other. The force required to move the overlying skin 2 mm when pulling the MSF (10.27 ± 3.64 N) was more than twice as great (217%) as the force required when pulling the SFS (4.73 ± 2.15 N; P < .001). The forces required when pulling the MSF and SFS to move the overlying skin 2 mm were significantly greater in the sideburn area (11.56 ± 3.37 N and 5.52 ± 2.08 N, respectively) than in the cheek area (8.97 ± 3.43 N and 5.52 ± 2.08 N, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION: When lifting the SF at the cheek or sideburn area, lifting the SFS requires less tension than MSF to move the overlying skin. In the cheek area, less tension is needed to move the overlying skin than in the sideburn area.
Entities:
Keywords:
anatomy and histology; fascia; rhytidoplasty; subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Veronica Macchi; Cesare Tiengo; Andrea Porzionato; Carla Stecco; Enrico Vigato; Anna Parenti; Bruno Azzena; Andreas Weiglein; Francesco Mazzoleni; Raffaele De Caro Journal: Cells Tissues Organs Date: 2009-06-24 Impact factor: 2.481