Georgies F Mgode1, Christophe L Cox2, Stephen Mwimanzi2, Christiaan Mulder2. 1. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Centre, African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Morogoro, Tanzania. gmgode@sua.ac.tz. 2. Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling - APOPO, Tuberculosis Department, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children is a challenge with up to 94% of children with TB treated empirically in TB high-burden countries. Therefore, new diagnostic tests are needed for TB diagnosis. We determined the performance of trained rats in the diagnosis of pediatric TB and whether they can improve detection rate compared to the standard of care. METHODS: Presumptive TB patients in 24 TB clinics in Tanzania were tested. Samples indicated as TB-positive by rats underwent confirmation by concentrated smear microscopy. TB yield of bacteriologically confirmed pediatric TB patients (≤5 years) was compared with yield of standard of care. RESULTS: Sputum samples from 55,148 presumptive TB patients were tested. Nine hundred eighty-two (1.8%) were the children between 1 and 5 years. Clinics detected 34 bacteriologically positive children, whereas rats detected additional 23 children yielding 57 bacteriologically TB-positive children. Rats increased pediatric TB detection by 67.6%. Among 1-14-year-old children, clinics detected 331 bacteriologically positive TB whereas rats found the additional 208 children with TB that were missed by clinics. Relative increase in TB case detection by rats decreased with the increase in age (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Trained rats increase pediatric TB detection significantly and could help address the pediatric TB diagnosis challenges. Further determination of accuracy of rats involving other sample types is still needed.
BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children is a challenge with up to 94% of children with TB treated empirically in TB high-burden countries. Therefore, new diagnostic tests are needed for TB diagnosis. We determined the performance of trained rats in the diagnosis of pediatric TB and whether they can improve detection rate compared to the standard of care. METHODS: Presumptive TB patients in 24 TB clinics in Tanzania were tested. Samples indicated as TB-positive by rats underwent confirmation by concentrated smear microscopy. TB yield of bacteriologically confirmed pediatric TB patients (≤5 years) was compared with yield of standard of care. RESULTS: Sputum samples from 55,148 presumptive TB patients were tested. Nine hundred eighty-two (1.8%) were the children between 1 and 5 years. Clinics detected 34 bacteriologically positive children, whereas rats detected additional 23 children yielding 57 bacteriologically TB-positive children. Rats increased pediatric TB detection by 67.6%. Among 1-14-year-old children, clinics detected 331 bacteriologically positive TB whereas rats found the additional 208 children with TB that were missed by clinics. Relative increase in TB case detection by rats decreased with the increase in age (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Trained rats increase pediatric TB detection significantly and could help address the pediatric TB diagnosis challenges. Further determination of accuracy of rats involving other sample types is still needed.
Authors: R Burny; I Manhiça; A Pedro Magaia de Abreu; S Lobo De Castro; J Manhique; L Fiebig; E Valverde Journal: Public Health Action Date: 2020-03-21
Authors: Michelle H Larsen; Karen Lacourciere; Tina M Parker; Alison Kraigsley; Jacqueline M Achkar; Linda B Adams; Kathryn M Dupnik; Luanne Hall-Stoodley; Travis Hartman; Carly Kanipe; Sherry L Kurtz; Michele A Miller; Liliana C M Salvador; John S Spencer; Richard T Robinson Journal: Tuberculosis (Edinb) Date: 2020-02-11 Impact factor: 3.131
Authors: Lili Kang; Lesley Workman; Heather J Zar; Jane E Hill; Carly A Bobak; Lindy Bateman; Mohammad S Khan; Margaretha Prins; Lloyd May; Flavio A Franchina; Cynthia Baard; Mark P Nicol Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-02-01 Impact factor: 4.379