Meghan E Morean1, Kelly S DeMartini2, Dawn Foster3, Julie Patock-Peckham4, Kathleen A Garrison5, Philip R Corlett6, John H Krystal7, Suchitra Krishan-Sarin8, Stephanie S O'Malley9. 1. Oberlin College, Department of Psychology, 120 W. Lorain St., Oberlin, OH, 44074, United States; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: Meghan.Morean@oberlin.edu. 2. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Box 18, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States. Electronic address: Kelly.DeMartini@yale.edu. 3. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: Dawn.Foster@yale.edu. 4. Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, 950 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States. Electronic address: Julie.Patock@asu.edu. 5. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Church Street #730, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States. Electronic address: Kathleen.Garrison@yale.edu. 6. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: Phillip.Corlett@yale.edu. 7. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: John.Krystal@yale.edu. 8. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: Suchitra.Krishnan-Sarin@yale.edu. 9. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, United States. Electronic address: Stephanie.O'Malley@yale.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use is partially driven by habitual processes that occur automatically in response to environmental cues and may be central to users' identities. This study was designed to validate the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. METHODS: We examined the SRHI's psychometrics in separate samples of adult marijuana (Ns = 189;170), alcohol (Ns = 100;133), cigarette (Ns = 58;371), and e-cigarette (N = 239) users. RESULTS: A 6-item, single-factor solution evidenced good fit across substances (CFI marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes = 0.996/0.997/0.996/0.994, RMSEA = 0.046/0.047/0.067/0.068, SRMR = 0.017/0.017/0.010/0.015) and internal consistency (α = 0.88/0.94/0.95/0.91). The SRHI was scalar invariant for sex and race. However, independent-samples t-tests indicated only that women endorsed stronger habitual e-cigarette use and that men endorsed stronger habitual marijuana use. The SRHI also was scalar invariant by product type in dual-users (cigarettes/e-cigarettes[N = 371]; alcohol/cigarettes [n = 58]), although differences in habit strength only were observed for cigarettes versus e-cigarettes, with dual-users reporting stronger habitual cigarette use. Finally, the SRHI predicted frequency of marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use (np2 [marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes] = 0.37/0.48/0.31/0.17) and quantity of alcohol and cigarette use (np2 = 0.43/0.33). CONCLUSIONS: The SRHI is a psychometrically sound measure of adults' habitual substance use. The SRHI detected mean differences by sex and substance type and predicted the frequency of using each substance. Future research should determine if the SRHI is appropriate for use with other substances or age groups (e.g., adolescents), how it relates to task-based, behavioral measures of habit strength, and the degree to which habit predicts the development or maintenance of addiction.
BACKGROUND: Substance use is partially driven by habitual processes that occur automatically in response to environmental cues and may be central to users' identities. This study was designed to validate the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. METHODS: We examined the SRHI's psychometrics in separate samples of adult marijuana (Ns = 189;170), alcohol (Ns = 100;133), cigarette (Ns = 58;371), and e-cigarette (N = 239) users. RESULTS: A 6-item, single-factor solution evidenced good fit across substances (CFI marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes = 0.996/0.997/0.996/0.994, RMSEA = 0.046/0.047/0.067/0.068, SRMR = 0.017/0.017/0.010/0.015) and internal consistency (α = 0.88/0.94/0.95/0.91). The SRHI was scalar invariant for sex and race. However, independent-samples t-tests indicated only that women endorsed stronger habitual e-cigarette use and that men endorsed stronger habitual marijuana use. The SRHI also was scalar invariant by product type in dual-users (cigarettes/e-cigarettes[N = 371]; alcohol/cigarettes [n = 58]), although differences in habit strength only were observed for cigarettes versus e-cigarettes, with dual-users reporting stronger habitual cigarette use. Finally, the SRHI predicted frequency of marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use (np2 [marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes] = 0.37/0.48/0.31/0.17) and quantity of alcohol and cigarette use (np2 = 0.43/0.33). CONCLUSIONS: The SRHI is a psychometrically sound measure of adults' habitual substance use. The SRHI detected mean differences by sex and substance type and predicted the frequency of using each substance. Future research should determine if the SRHI is appropriate for use with other substances or age groups (e.g., adolescents), how it relates to task-based, behavioral measures of habit strength, and the degree to which habit predicts the development or maintenance of addiction.
Authors: Miriam Sebold; Lorenz Deserno; Stephan Nebe; Stefan Nebe; Daniel J Schad; Maria Garbusow; Claudia Hägele; Jürgen Keller; Elisabeth Jünger; Norbert Kathmann; Michael N Smolka; Michael Smolka; Michael A Rapp; Florian Schlagenhauf; Andreas Heinz; Quentin J M Huys Journal: Neuropsychobiology Date: 2014-10-30 Impact factor: 2.328
Authors: Karen D Ersche; P Simon Jones; Guy B Williams; Abigail J Turton; Trevor W Robbins; Edward T Bullmore Journal: Science Date: 2012-02-03 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Z Sjoerds; S de Wit; W van den Brink; T W Robbins; A T F Beekman; B W J H Penninx; D J Veltman Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2013-12-17 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Robert Miranda; Stephanie S O'Malley; Hayley Treloar Padovano; Ran Wu; Daniel E Falk; Megan L Ryan; Joanne B Fertig; Thomas H Chun; Srinivas B Muvvala; Raye Z Litten Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2020-05-25 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Meghan E Morean; Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin; Steve Sussman; Jonathan Foulds; Howard Fishbein; Rachel Grana; Bonnie Halpern-Felsher; Hyoshin Kim; Scott R Weaver; Stephanie S O'Malley Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2018-08-31 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Cheryl L Perry; MeLisa R Creamer; Benjamin W Chaffee; Jennifer B Unger; Erin L Sutfin; Grace Kong; Ce Shang; Stephanie L Clendennen; Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin; Mary Ann Pentz Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2020-06-12 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Lara A Ray; Han Du; Erica Grodin; Spencer Bujarski; Lindsay Meredith; Diana Ho; Steven Nieto; Kate Wassum Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-11-14 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Abigail M Crocker; Rodger Kessler; Constance van Eeghen; Levi N Bonnell; Ryan E Breshears; Peter Callas; Jessica Clifton; William Elder; Chet Fox; Sylvie Frisbie; Juvena Hitt; Jennifer Jewiss; Roger Kathol; Kelly Clark/Keefe; Jennifer O'Rourke-Lavoie; George S Leibowitz; C R Macchi; Mark McGovern; Brenda Mollis; Daniel J Mullin; Zsolt Nagykaldi; Lisa Watts Natkin; Wilson Pace; Richard G Pinckney; Douglas Pomeroy; Alexander Pond; Rachel Postupack; Paula Reynolds; Gail L Rose; Sarah Hudson Scholle; William J Sieber; Terry Stancin; Kurt C Stange; Kari A Stephens; Kathryn Teng; Elizabeth Needham Waddell; Benjamin Littenberg Journal: Trials Date: 2021-03-10 Impact factor: 2.279