Maternal care exerts disease-modifying effects on genetic absence epilepsy and comorbid depression.

WAG/Rij rats, a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depression, exhibit behavioral depression-like symptoms and spontaneous generalized spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG at the age of 6 to 8 months. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal care is an environmental factor which, along with genetic predisposition, may contribute to the expression of absence seizures and depression-like comorbidity later in life. To achieve this, a cross-fostering procedure was used. EEG and behavior in the forced swimming test were analyzed in WAG/Rij and Wistar offspring reared by their own mothers (non-cross-fostered), foster mothers of the same strain (in-fostered) or another strain (cross-fostered) at the age of 7 to 8 months. Maternal care and forced swimming test behavior were assessed in the dams. WAG/Rij mothers showed depression-like behavior and reduced maternal care irrespective of litter size and litter composition (own or foster pups) compared with Wistar dams. WAG/Rij offspring reared by Wistar dams with a high level of maternal care exhibited less and shorter SWDs and reduced depression-like comorbidity in adulthood compared with age-matched WAG/Rij offspring reared by their own or foster WAG/Rij mothers with a low level of maternal care. Moreover, rearing by Wistar mothers delayed the onset of absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. Adoption by WAG/Rij dams did not change EEG and behavior in Wistar rats. Our study demonstrates that improvement of early care-giving environment can be used as a disease-modifying treatment to counteract epileptogenesis and behavioral comorbidities in genetic absence epilepsy.