Kimberly D Spradling-Reeves1, Jeremy P Glenn2, Kenneth J Lange3, Natalia Kuhn2, Jacqueline J Coalson4, Mark J Nijland5, Cun Li6, Peter W Nathanielsz6, Laura A Cox1,7. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 2. Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. 3. Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. 4. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. 6. Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. 7. Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the repertoire of non-human primate kidney genes expressed throughout development. The present work establishes an understanding of the primate renal transcriptome during fetal development in the context of renal maturation. METHODS: The baboon kidney transcriptome was characterized at 60-day gestation (DG), 90 DG, 125 DG, 140 DG, 160 DG and adulthood (6-12 years) using gene arrays and validated by QRT-PCR. Pathway and cluster analyses were used to characterize gene expression in the context of biological pathways. RESULTS: Pathway analysis indicated activation of pathways not previously reported as relevant to kidney development. Cluster analysis also revealed gene splice variants with discordant expression profiles during development. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first detailed genetic analysis of the developing primate kidney, and our findings of discordant expression of gene splice variants suggest that gene arrays likely provide a simplified view and demonstrate the need to study the fetal renal proteome.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the repertoire of non-human primate kidney genes expressed throughout development. The present work establishes an understanding of the primate renal transcriptome during fetal development in the context of renal maturation. METHODS: The baboon kidney transcriptome was characterized at 60-day gestation (DG), 90 DG, 125 DG, 140 DG, 160 DG and adulthood (6-12 years) using gene arrays and validated by QRT-PCR. Pathway and cluster analyses were used to characterize gene expression in the context of biological pathways. RESULTS: Pathway analysis indicated activation of pathways not previously reported as relevant to kidney development. Cluster analysis also revealed gene splice variants with discordant expression profiles during development. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first detailed genetic analysis of the developing primate kidney, and our findings of discordant expression of gene splice variants suggest that gene arrays likely provide a simplified view and demonstrate the need to study the fetal renal proteome.
Authors: Robert L Strausberg; Elise A Feingold; Lynette H Grouse; Jeffery G Derge; Richard D Klausner; Francis S Collins; Lukas Wagner; Carolyn M Shenmen; Gregory D Schuler; Stephen F Altschul; Barry Zeeberg; Kenneth H Buetow; Carl F Schaefer; Narayan K Bhat; Ralph F Hopkins; Heather Jordan; Troy Moore; Steve I Max; Jun Wang; Florence Hsieh; Luda Diatchenko; Kate Marusina; Andrew A Farmer; Gerald M Rubin; Ling Hong; Mark Stapleton; M Bento Soares; Maria F Bonaldo; Tom L Casavant; Todd E Scheetz; Michael J Brownstein; Ted B Usdin; Shiraki Toshiyuki; Piero Carninci; Christa Prange; Sam S Raha; Naomi A Loquellano; Garrick J Peters; Rick D Abramson; Sara J Mullahy; Stephanie A Bosak; Paul J McEwan; Kevin J McKernan; Joel A Malek; Preethi H Gunaratne; Stephen Richards; Kim C Worley; Sarah Hale; Angela M Garcia; Laura J Gay; Stephen W Hulyk; Debbie K Villalon; Donna M Muzny; Erica J Sodergren; Xiuhua Lu; Richard A Gibbs; Jessica Fahey; Erin Helton; Mark Ketteman; Anuradha Madan; Stephanie Rodrigues; Amy Sanchez; Michelle Whiting; Anup Madan; Alice C Young; Yuriy Shevchenko; Gerard G Bouffard; Robert W Blakesley; Jeffrey W Touchman; Eric D Green; Mark C Dickson; Alex C Rodriguez; Jane Grimwood; Jeremy Schmutz; Richard M Myers; Yaron S N Butterfield; Martin I Krzywinski; Ursula Skalska; Duane E Smailus; Angelique Schnerch; Jacqueline E Schein; Steven J M Jones; Marco A Marra Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2002-12-11 Impact factor: 11.205
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