Tania C Niño-Sandoval1, Carlos F Morantes Ariza2, Clementina Infante-Contreras3, Belmiro Ce Vasconcelos4. 1. 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pernambuco , Camaragibe , Brazil. 2. 2 Department of Biology, National University of Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia. 3. 3 Department of Oral Health, Growth and Development research line, National University of Colombia, Genetics Institute , Bogotá , Colombia. 4. 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pernambuco , Camaragibe , Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that asymmetry is a natural occurring phenomenon in the mandibular shape by using elliptical Fourier analysis. METHODS: 164 digital orthopantomographs from Colombian patients of both sexes aged 18 to 25 years were collected. Curves from left and right hemimandible were digitized. An elliptical Fourier analysis was performed with 20 harmonics. In the general sexual dimorphism a principal component analysis (PCA) and a hotelling T2 from the multivariate warp space were employed. Exploratory analysis of general asymmetry and sexual dimorphism by side was made with a Procrustes Fit. A non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to assess differentiation of skeletal classes of each hemimandible, and a Procrustes analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to search any relation between skeletal class and side in both sexes. RESULTS: Significant values were found in general asymmetry, general sexual dimorphism, in dimorphism by side (p < 0.0001), asymmetry by sex, and differences between Class I, II, and III (p < 0.005). However, a relation of skeletal classes and side was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The mandibular asymmetry by shape is present in all patients and should not be articulated exclusively to pathological processes, therefore, along with sexual dimorphism and differences between skeletal classes must be taken into account for improving mandibular prediction systems.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that asymmetry is a natural occurring phenomenon in the mandibular shape by using elliptical Fourier analysis. METHODS: 164 digital orthopantomographs from Colombian patients of both sexes aged 18 to 25 years were collected. Curves from left and right hemimandible were digitized. An elliptical Fourier analysis was performed with 20 harmonics. In the general sexual dimorphism a principal component analysis (PCA) and a hotelling T2 from the multivariate warp space were employed. Exploratory analysis of general asymmetry and sexual dimorphism by side was made with a Procrustes Fit. A non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to assess differentiation of skeletal classes of each hemimandible, and a Procrustes analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to search any relation between skeletal class and side in both sexes. RESULTS: Significant values were found in general asymmetry, general sexual dimorphism, in dimorphism by side (p < 0.0001), asymmetry by sex, and differences between Class I, II, and III (p < 0.005). However, a relation of skeletal classes and side was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The mandibular asymmetry by shape is present in all patients and should not be articulated exclusively to pathological processes, therefore, along with sexual dimorphism and differences between skeletal classes must be taken into account for improving mandibular prediction systems.
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