Effect of V2-receptor-mediated changes on inner medullary blood flow induced by AVP.

We have previously shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) in physiological amounts reduces inner medullary blood flow and that the mechanism of this decrease is at least in part mediated by the vasopressor (V1-receptor) action of AVP. To determine whether the antidiuretic action of AVP (V2-receptor) also contributes to the reduction in inner medullary blood flow, we determined capillary blood flow (QVR) in individual descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) using fluorescence videomicroscopy in the exposed renal papilla of the anesthetized rat. Three groups of chronically water-diuretic rats were studied in three consecutive periods: control (period 1), experimental (period 2), and recovery (period 3). Group I rats (designated the AVP group) received AVP, 45 ng X h-1 X kg body wt-1; group II (AVP + V2-inhibitor), AVP plus its specific antidiuretic antagonist d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Thr4]AVP; and group III (V2-inhibitor), the antagonist alone, respectively, in the experimental period 2. Only group I rats concentrated their urine, urine osmolality (Uosmol) = 499 +/- 48 mosmol/kgH2O, whereas urine remained hypotonic throughout in groups II and III. In group I, QVR in DVR and AVR decreased in period 2; but in groups II and III, QVR tended to increase. These results suggest that the AVP-induced decrease in papillary vasa recta blood flow is in part mediated by its antidiuretic V2-receptor as well as by its vasopressor (V1-receptor). They also suggest that the rate of urinary flow in the medullary collecting ducts is a determinant of inner medullary blood flow.