Expressional changes in stemness markers post electrochemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with high metastatic potential and strong chemoresistance. The capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells exhibit great tumorigenicity and are closely correlated with drug resistance and tumor recurrence. The aim of our study was to illustrate electrochemotherapy as an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer along with the expression change in stemness genes (Nanog, Sox2 and Oct3/4) in pancreatic cancer cells post electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Our results showed the enhanced expression of Nanog and decreased expression level of Oct3/4 after electrochemotherpy. We thus propose that these stemness markerS may have important roles in the initiation and/or recurrence of pancreatic cancer, and consequently may serve as important molecular diagnostics and/or therapeutic targets for the development of novel treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer patients. In conclusion, targeting these stemness factors could potentially improve electrochemotherapy as a treatment and preventing recurrence.