Khalid Al-Rasadi1, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani2, Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali3, Wael Almahmeed4, Wafa Rashed5, Mustafa Ridha6, Raul D Santos7, Mohammad Zubaid8. 1. Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Electronic address: k.alrasadi@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman. 3. College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE; Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE. 4. Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE. 5. Department of Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait city, Kuwait. 6. Department of Medicine, Al-Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait. 7. Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Preventive Medicine Center and Cardiology Program, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 8. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait city, Kuwait.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information on the epidemiology of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in the Arabian Gulf region, which has an elevated rate of consanguinity and type II diabetes, is scarce. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of FH, its management, and impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes in a multicenter cohort of Arabian Gulf patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Patients (N = 3224) hospitalized with ACS were studied. FH was diagnosed using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. A composite endpoint of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and mortality between the "probable/definite" and the "unlikely" FH patients was assessed after 1 year. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: At admission, the proportion of "probable/definite", "possible", and "unlikely" FH in ACS patients was 3.7% (n = 119), 28% (n = 911), and 68% (n = 2194), respectively. Overall, 54% (n = 1730) of patients had diabetes, whereas 24% (n = 783) were current smokers. The "probable/definite" FH group was younger (50 vs 63 years; P < .001), had a greater prevalence of early coronary disease (38% vs 8.8%; P < .001), and previous statin use (87% vs 57%; P < .001) when compared with the "unlikely" FH group. After 1 year, the "probable/definite" FH cohort had worse lipid control (13% vs 23%; P < .001) and presented with a greater association with the composite ASCVD endpoint when compared with the "unlikely" FH group (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.38; P = .047) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In Arabian Gulf citizens, FH was common in ACS patients, was undertreated, and was associated with a worse 1-year prognosis.
BACKGROUND: Information on the epidemiology of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in the Arabian Gulf region, which has an elevated rate of consanguinity and type II diabetes, is scarce. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of FH, its management, and impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes in a multicenter cohort of Arabian Gulf patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS:Patients (N = 3224) hospitalized with ACS were studied. FH was diagnosed using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. A composite endpoint of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and mortality between the "probable/definite" and the "unlikely" FHpatients was assessed after 1 year. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: At admission, the proportion of "probable/definite", "possible", and "unlikely" FH in ACS patients was 3.7% (n = 119), 28% (n = 911), and 68% (n = 2194), respectively. Overall, 54% (n = 1730) of patients had diabetes, whereas 24% (n = 783) were current smokers. The "probable/definite" FH group was younger (50 vs 63 years; P < .001), had a greater prevalence of early coronary disease (38% vs 8.8%; P < .001), and previous statin use (87% vs 57%; P < .001) when compared with the "unlikely" FH group. After 1 year, the "probable/definite" FH cohort had worse lipid control (13% vs 23%; P < .001) and presented with a greater association with the composite ASCVD endpoint when compared with the "unlikely" FH group (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.38; P = .047) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In Arabian Gulf citizens, FH was common in ACS patients, was undertreated, and was associated with a worse 1-year prognosis.
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