Biomimetic design of bone substitutes based on cuttlefish bone-derived hydroxyapatite and biodegradable polymers.

Being a major component of bone tissue, hydroxyapatite is the most investigated calcium phosphate in the design and development of bone implants. The high brittleness and poor load-bearing properties have led researchers to manipulate hydroxyapatite performance by applying polymer or metal materials. The present study focuses on biomimetic approach of the hydroxyapatite synthesis from the cuttlefish bone in order to preserve highly porous structure. The low stiffness of hydroxyapatite scaffold was altered by thin polycaprolactone/poly(lactic acid) coating, resulting in remarkably 18-fold increase of Young's modulus. The mechanical test revealed that poly(lactic acid) increases the stiffness of composite scaffolds which depends on the polycaprolactone/poly(lactic acid) volume ratio. The composite scaffolds are bioactive supporting the deposition of new calcium phosphates when incubated in simulated physiological medium for 21 days. Moreover, the culture of human embryonic kidney cells indicated non-cytotoxicity of the composite scaffolds with emphasis on the cell proliferation during three days of culture.