Halle B Getachew1, Rebecca M Dahl2, Benjamin A Lopman1,3, Umesh D Parashar1. 1. From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. 2. MAXIMUS Federal, contracting agency to Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rotavirus vaccination was introduced in the United States in 2006. Our objectives were to examine reductions in diarrhea-associated health care utilization after rotavirus vaccine implementation and to assess direct vaccine effectiveness (VE) in US children. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using claims data of US children under 5 years of age. We compared rates of diarrhea-associated health care utilization in prevaccine versus postvaccine introduction years. We also examined VE and duration of protection. RESULTS: Compared with the average rate of rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in the prevaccine years, overall vaccine rates were reduced by 75% in 2007 to 2008, 60% in 2008 to 2009, 94% in 2009 to 2010, 80% in 2010 to 2011, 97% in 2011 to 2012, 88% in 2012 to 2013, 98% in 2013 to 2014 and 92% in 2014 to 2015. RotaTeq-adjusted VE was 88% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3-11 months of age, 88% in 12-23 months of age, 87% in 24-35 months of age, 87% in 36-47 months of age and 87% in 48-59 months of age. Rotarix-adjusted VE was 87% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3-11 months of age, 86% in 12-23 months of age and 86% in 24-35 months of age. CONCLUSION: Implementation of rotavirus vaccines has substantially reduced diarrhea-associated health care utilization in US children under 5 years of age. Both vaccines provided good and enduring protection through the fourth year of life against rotavirus hospitalizations.
BACKGROUND: Rotavirus vaccination was introduced in the United States in 2006. Our objectives were to examine reductions in diarrhea-associated health care utilization after rotavirus vaccine implementation and to assess direct vaccine effectiveness (VE) in US children. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using claims data of US children under 5 years of age. We compared rates of diarrhea-associated health care utilization in prevaccine versus postvaccine introduction years. We also examined VE and duration of protection. RESULTS: Compared with the average rate of rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in the prevaccine years, overall vaccine rates were reduced by 75% in 2007 to 2008, 60% in 2008 to 2009, 94% in 2009 to 2010, 80% in 2010 to 2011, 97% in 2011 to 2012, 88% in 2012 to 2013, 98% in 2013 to 2014 and 92% in 2014 to 2015. RotaTeq-adjusted VE was 88% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3-11 months of age, 88% in 12-23 months of age, 87% in 24-35 months of age, 87% in 36-47 months of age and 87% in 48-59 months of age. Rotarix-adjusted VE was 87% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3-11 months of age, 86% in 12-23 months of age and 86% in 24-35 months of age. CONCLUSION: Implementation of rotavirus vaccines has substantially reduced diarrhea-associated health care utilization in US children under 5 years of age. Both vaccines provided good and enduring protection through the fourth year of life against rotavirus hospitalizations.
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